View source for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

==Background==
*Caused by tick-borne virus (Nairovirus) in the Bunyavirus family
*First described in the Crimea and later in the Congo
*Affected regions: Eastern Europe, Mediterranean, NW China, central Asia, southern Europe, Africa, Middle East, Indian subcontinent
*Ixodid ticks are reservoir and vector
*Direct human-human transmission via body fluids

==Clinical Features==
'''History''': 
*Exposure risk factors: animal herders, livestock workers, slaughterhouse workers, and healthcare workers in endemic areas
*Incubation period usually lasts less than one week from exposure
*Sudden onset of: headache, high fever, back/joint/stomach pain, vomiting, photophobia
*Mood swing and confusion develop after initial symptoms, followed by sleepiness and depression.
*Abdominal pain migrates to RUQ

'''Physical Exam''':
*Conjunctivitis, facial flushing, palatal erythema and petechiae, lymphadenopathy, 
*Jaundice and changes in mood and sensory perception
*Signs of coagulopathy (starting around day 4)
*Palpable hepatomegaly

'''Clinical Course''': Estimated 9-50% mortality

==Differential Diagnosis==
{{Fever in Traveler DDX}}

==Evaluation==
*Antigen-capture ELISA
*RT-PCR
*Virus isolation
*Antibody ELISA

==Management==
*Supportive care
*IV/PO Ribavirin

==Disposition==
*Admit

==See Also==
*[[Viral hemorrhagic fevers]]

==External Links==
*[http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/crimean-congo/ CDC Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever]

==References==
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[[Category:ID]]
[[Category:Tropical Medicine]]