View source for Tardive dyskinesia

==Background==

==Clinical Features==
*Orofacial involuntary movements
**Described as grimacing, writhing and choreathetoid
**Grimacing, tongue movements, lip smacking, excessive eye blinking
*Often occurs after years of treatment with [[antipsychotics|neuroleptic agents]]
*Risk factors:
**Longer duration of neuroleptic treatment
**Concomitant mood disorder
**Patient age, particularly elderly females

==Evaluation==
*Clinical diagnosis

==Differential Diagnosis==
*See DDX for [[chorea]]

==Management==
*Mild symptoms: cessation of the neuroleptic drug or decreasing the dose, which rarely reverses symptoms
*Moderate to severe symptoms: reserpine and tetrabenazine
*New drug approved 2017
**Austedo ([[deutetrabenazine]]), previously approved for chorea due to Huntington's disease
**12-48 mg/day PO divided BID, starting at 6 mg BID, increased by 6 mg/day qwk

==See Also==
*[[Seizure]]

==References==
<references/>
*Hockberger RS, Richards JR: Thought Disorders; in Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al (eds): Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice, ed 8. St. Louis, Mosby, Inc., 2014, (Ch) 110: p 1460-1466

[[Category:Neurology]]