FuzzyBot: Updating to match new version of source page

2026-01-06T21:32:30Z

Updating to match new version of source page

New page

<languages/>
''See [[Special:MyLanguage/Acute gastroenteritis (peds)|Acute gastroenteritis (peds)]] for pediatric patients''

==Background==

*Most acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is viral, not bacterial
*[[Special:MyLanguage/rectal bleeding|Bloody diarrhea]] suggests bacterial etiology
*Do NOT diagnose isolated vomiting as AGE

===Clinical Features and Causes===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Noninvasive AGE
|-
! Species!! Onset !! Symptoms !! Transmission !! Preformed Toxin
|-
| Viral ([[Special:MyLanguage/norovirus|norovirus]], [[Special:MyLanguage/adenovirus|adenovirus]], [[Special:MyLanguage/rotavirus|rotavirus]])
|| 11-72 hrs
||
*Nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea
*Mild abdominal cramps, myalgia
||
*Fecal-oral
*Contaminated food or water
|| No
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/S. aureus|Staph]]
|| 1-6 hrs
||
*Nausea, severe vomiting, diarrhea,
*Mild abdominal cramping
||
*Previously cooked foods (mayonaise, ham, salads)
|| Yes
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Bacillus cereus|B. cereus]]
|| 1-6 hrs
||
*Abrupt onset of nausea, vomiting, mild diarrhea
||
*Previously cooked foods (rice, vegetables, dried fruits, meat)
|| Yes
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Clostridium (not difficile)|C. perfringens]]
|| 8-24 hrs
||
*Nausea, minimal vomiting, watery diarrhea
*Abd cramps
||
*Previously cooked or reheated meats and poultry
|| Yes
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Vibrio cholera|V. cholerae]]|| 11-72 hrs ||
*Explosive rice-water diarrhea
*Vomiting, abdominal cramps
*Fever
||
*Fecal-oral
*Contaminated food or water
|| No
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Giardia|Giardia]]
|| 1-4 wks
||
*Flatus, bloating
*Foul-smelling and fatty stools (steatorrhea)
||
*Fecal-oral
*Contaminated water
|| No
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Invasive AGE
|-
! scope="col" | '''Species'''
! scope="col" | '''Onset'''
! scope="col" | '''Symptoms'''
! scope="col" | '''Transmission'''
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Salmonella|Salmonella]]||6-72 hours||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever|Fever]], relative bradycardia
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Abdominal pain]]
*Bloody diarrhea
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Headache|Headache]]
*Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
||
*Eggs
*Poultry
*Water
*Reptiles
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Shigella|Shigella]]||1-3 days||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever|Fever]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Abdominal pain]]
*Bloody diarrhea
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Headache|Headache]]
*1-5 years old
*Seizures in children
||
*Food
*Fecal-Oral
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Yersinia|Yersinia]]||1-5 days||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Appendicitis|Appendicitis]] mimic, [[Special:MyLanguage/RLQ pain|RLQ pain]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever|Fever]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Vomiting|Vomiting]]
*Kids and Young Adults
||
*Water
*Milk
*Pork
*Wild Animals
*Fecal-Oral
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Campylobacter|Campylobacter]]||1-7 days||
*Low grade [[Special:MyLanguage/fever|fever]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Abdominal pain]]
*Kids and Young Adults
*Guillain-Barre
||
*Water
*Poultry
*Pets/Animals
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/C. Diff|C. Diff]]||1-11 Weeks||
*Copious FOUL diarrhea
||
*Antibiotic use: [[Special:MyLanguage/PCN|PCN]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Clinda|Clinda]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Cephalosporins|Cephalosporins]]
|-
| [[Special:MyLanguage/Entamoeba|Entamoeba]]||1-11 weeks||
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Appendicitis|Appendicitis]] Mimic
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal pain|Abdominal pain]], [[Special:MyLanguage/nausea/vomiting|nausea/vomiting]], [[Special:MyLanguage/diarrhea|diarrhea]]
||
*Water
*Sanitation
*Travel
|}

==Differential Diagnosis==

{{Abdominal Pain DDX Diffuse}}

{{Nausea and vomiting DDX}}

==Evaluation==

*Assess hydration status
**Cap refill, skin turgor, respiratory rate
*Consider stool studies if:
**>10 stools in previous 24hr
**[[Special:MyLanguage/Traveler's diarrhea|Travel to high-risk country]]
**Fever
**Bloody stool
**Persistent diarrhea

==Management==

#[[Special:MyLanguage/oral rehydration therapy|Rehydration]] (PO preferred)
#*30mL(1oz)/kg/hr
#*[[Special:MyLanguage/Reduced-osmolarity oral rehydration solution|Reduced-osmolarity oral rehydration solution]]
#Antiemetic
#*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ondansetron|Ondansetron]] 0.15mg/kg/dose IV/PO
#[[Special:MyLanguage/Antibiotics|Antibiotics]]
#*Only consider in patients with invasive infection
#**[[Special:MyLanguage/Shigella|Shigella]], [[Special:MyLanguage/campylobacter|campylobacter]], [[Special:MyLanguage/E. coli|E. coli]], [[Special:MyLanguage/yersinia|yersinia]], [[Special:MyLanguage/vibrio|vibrio]]
#**Bloody stool with mucus and fever
#*NOT indicated for [[Special:MyLanguage/E. coli|E. coli]] O157:H7
#*NOT routinely indicated for salmonella
#**Exceptions: [[Special:MyLanguage/sickle cell|SCD]], [[Special:MyLanguage/IBD|IBD]], <3mo
#*[[Special:MyLanguage/Azithromycin|Azithromycin]] (able to tolerate PO)
#*'''OR''' [[Special:MyLanguage/ciprofloxacin|ciprofloxacin]]
#*'''OR''' [[Special:MyLanguage/TMP-SMX|TMP-SMX]]
#*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ceftriaxone|Ceftriaxone]] (parenteral)

==Disposition==

*Most can be discharged
*Admit
**Unable to tolerate PO
**Hemodynamic instability
**Significant comorbidities

==See Also==

*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute gastroenteritis|Acute gastroenteritis]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Nausea and Vomiting|Nausea and Vomiting]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute gastroenteritis (peds)|Acute gastroenteritis (peds)]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Dehydration|Dehydration]]
*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute diarrhea|Acute diarrhea]]

==External Links==

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:ID]] [[Category:GI]]

Bacterial gastroenteritis/en - Revision history

FuzzyBot: Updating to match new version of source page