Ostermayer: Created page with "==General== Type: Is Generation::1st generation Is DrugClass::Cephalosporin Dosage Forms: powder for injection Dosage Strengths: 500mg, 1g, 2g Routes of Administration: IV, IM Common Trade Names: Refosporen ==Adult Dosing== ===General=== Mild-Moderate: 1-2g/day IM/IV divided q8-12h Severe: 2-4g/day IM/IV divided q6-8h Life Threatening: Up to 6g/day IM/IV Max: 6g/day ===UTI, Uncomplicated=== 500mg-1g IM/IV q12h ===Surgical Prophylaxis=== *1g IM/IV..."

2026-01-27T17:32:49Z

Created page with "==General== *Type: Is Generation::1st generation Is DrugClass::Cephalosporin *Dosage Forms: powder for injection *Dosage Strengths: 500mg, 1g, 2g *Routes of Administration: IV, IM *Common Trade Names: Refosporen ==Adult Dosing== ===General=== *Mild-Moderate: 1-2g/day IM/IV divided q8-12h *Severe: 2-4g/day IM/IV divided q6-8h *Life Threatening: Up to 6g/day IM/IV *Max: 6g/day ===UTI, Uncomplicated=== *500mg-1g IM/IV q12h ===Surgical Prophylaxis=== *1g IM/IV..."

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==General==
*Type: [[Is Generation::1st generation]] [[Is DrugClass::Cephalosporin]]
*Dosage Forms: powder for injection
*Dosage Strengths: 500mg, 1g, 2g
*Routes of Administration: IV, IM
*Common Trade Names: Refosporen

==Adult Dosing==
===General===
*Mild-Moderate: 1-2g/day IM/IV divided q8-12h
*Severe: 2-4g/day IM/IV divided q6-8h
*Life Threatening: Up to 6g/day IM/IV
*Max: 6g/day

===[[UTI]], Uncomplicated===
*500mg-1g IM/IV q12h

===Surgical Prophylaxis===
*1g IM/IV x1 (30-60 min before procedure)
*May repeat q6h for 24-48h post-op depending on procedure

==Pediatric Dosing==
===General (>1 Month)===
*Mild-Moderate: 50mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q8-12h
*Severe: 100mg/kg/day IM/IV divided q6-8h
*Max: Should not exceed adult dosing

==Special Populations==
*Pregnancy: B
*Lactation: Low excretion; generally considered compatible
*Renal
**Adult
***CrCl 30-60: give q12h
***CrCl 10-29: give q24h
***CrCl <10: give q48h
***Hemodialysis: give dose after dialysis
***Peritoneal dialysis: give standard dose q24-48h
**Pediatric
***Renal dosing not well defined; adjust based on adult ratios
*Hepatic
**Not defined

==Contraindications==
*Allergy to class/drug (Cephalosporins)
*Immediate hypersensitivity to Penicillins

==Adverse Reactions==
===Serious===
*[[Anaphylaxis]]
*[[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome]]
*[[Neutropenia]] (prolonged high doses)
*[[Thrombocytopenia]]
*[[Clostridium difficile]] associated diarrhea
*Nephrotoxicity (rare, increased risk with loop diuretics/aminoglycosides)
*[[Seizures]] (accumulation in renal failure)

===Common===
*[[Diarrhea]]
*[[Rash]]
*[[Nausea and Vomiting]]
*[[Abdominal Pain]]
*Phlebitis at injection site
*Pain at injection site (IM)
*Transaminitis
*Eosinophilia

==Pharmacology==
*Half-life: 1.5 - 2h (prolonged in renal failure)
*Metabolism: Minimally metabolized
*Excretion: Urine (80-90% unchanged)
*Mechanism of Action: Bactericidal; inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis

==[[Antibiotic Sensitivities]]<ref>Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy</ref>==
{| class="wikitable"
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Group'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Organism'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Sensitivity'''
|-
| Gram Positive||[[Strep. Group A, B, C, G]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Strep. Pneumoniae]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Viridans strep]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||Strep. anginosus gp||X1
|-
| ||[[Enterococcus faecalis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Enterococcus faecium]]||R
|-
| ||[[MSSA]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[MRSA]]||R
|-
| ||[[CA-MRSA]]||R
|-
| ||[[Staph. Epidermidis]]||I
|-
| ||[[C. jeikeium]]||R
|-
| ||[[L. monocytogenes]]||R
|-
| Gram Negatives||[[N. gonorrhoeae]]||X1
|-
| ||[[N. meningitidis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]||I
|-
| ||[[H. influenzae]]||X1
|-
| ||[[E. coli]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Klebsiella]] sp||'''S'''
|-
| ||E. coli/Klebsiella ESBL+||R
|-
| ||E coli/Klebsiella KPC+||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC neg||R
|-
| ||[[Enterobacter]] sp, AmpC pos||R
|-
| ||[[Serratia]] sp||R
|-
| ||Serratia marcescens||R
|-
| ||[[Salmonella]] sp||X1
|-
| ||[[Shigella]] sp||X1
|-
| ||[[Proteus mirabilis]]||'''S'''
|-
| ||[[Proteus vulgaris]]||R
|-
| ||[[Providencia sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Morganella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter freundii]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter diversus]]||R
|-
| ||[[Citrobacter sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Aeromonas sp]]||R
|-
| ||[[Acinetobacter sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]||R
|-
| ||[[Burkholderia cepacia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Stenotrophomonas maltophilia]]||R
|-
| ||[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]||R
|-
| ||[[Francisella tularensis]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Brucella sp.]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Legionella sp.]]||R
|-
| ||[[Pasteurella multocida]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Vibrio vulnificus]]||X1
|-
| Misc||[[Chlamydophila sp]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Mycoplasm pneumoniae]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Rickettsia sp]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Mycobacterium avium]]||X1
|-
| Anaerobes||[[Actinomyces]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Bacteroides fragilis]]||R
|-
| ||[[Prevotella melaninogenica]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Clostridium difficile]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Clostridium (not difficile)]]||I
|-
| ||[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]||X1
|-
| ||[[Peptostreptococcus sp.]]||'''S'''
|}

===Key===
{{Template:Antibacterial Spectra Key}}

==See Also==
*[[Antibiotics (Main)]]
*[[Cephalosporins]]

==References==
<references/>
*Epocrates

[[Category:Pharmacology]] [[Category:ID]]

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