Cerebral palsy - Revision history

Danbot: Strip excess bold

2026-03-22T09:26:17Z

Strip excess bold

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:26, 22 March 2026
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	*Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, ~80% of cases		*Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, ~80% of cases

	~~'''~~Spastic diplegia (30-40%)~~'''~~		Spastic diplegia (30-40%)
	*Bilateral lower extremities effected more than upper extremities or sole involvement of lower extremities.		*Bilateral lower extremities effected more than upper extremities or sole involvement of lower extremities.

	~~'''~~Spastic hemiplegia (20-30%)~~'''~~		Spastic hemiplegia (20-30%)
	*One side of the body effected, including an upper and lower extremity		*One side of the body effected, including an upper and lower extremity
	*Upper extremity spasticity effected more than lower extremity		*Upper extremity spasticity effected more than lower extremity
	**Double hemiplegia: when both arms are more involved than the legs		**Double hemiplegia: when both arms are more involved than the legs

	~~'''~~Spastic quadriplegia (10-15%)~~'''~~		Spastic quadriplegia (10-15%)
	*Cerebral palsy affecting all 4 extremities and the trunk (full body)		*Cerebral palsy affecting all 4 extremities and the trunk (full body)

	~~'''~~Dyskinetic cerebral palsy~~'''~~		Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
	*Athetoid, choreoathetoid, and dystonic		*Athetoid, choreoathetoid, and dystonic
	*Extrapyramidal signs characterized by abnormal movements; hypertonicity		*Extrapyramidal signs characterized by abnormal movements; hypertonicity

	~~'''~~Mixed cerebral palsy~~'''~~		Mixed cerebral palsy
	*Mixture of spastic and dyskinetic components without predominant area		*Mixture of spastic and dyskinetic components without predominant area

	~~'''~~Hypotonic cerebral palsy~~'''~~		Hypotonic cerebral palsy
	*Rare: Truncal and extremity hypotonia with hyperreflexia and persistent primitive reflexes		*Rare: Truncal and extremity hypotonia with hyperreflexia and persistent primitive reflexes

	~~'''~~Monoplegia~~'''~~		Monoplegia
	*Rare: One limb involved, either an arm or a leg		*Rare: One limb involved, either an arm or a leg
	*Must rule out other causes.		*Must rule out other causes.
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	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
	===[[Weakness]]===		===[[Weakness]]===
	*~~'''~~Neuromuscular weakness~~'''~~		*Neuromuscular weakness
	**UMN:		**UMN:
	***[[CVA (Main)]]		***[[CVA (Main)]]
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	**Muscle disease:		**Muscle disease:
	***[[Rhabdomyolysis]]		***[[Rhabdomyolysis]]
	*~~'''~~Non-neuromuscular weakness~~'''~~		*Non-neuromuscular weakness
	**Can't miss diagnoses:		**Can't miss diagnoses:
	***severe infection/[[Sepsis (Main)]]		***severe infection/[[Sepsis (Main)]]

ClaireLewis at 18:31, 14 September 2019

2019-09-14T18:31:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:31, 14 September 2019
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	*Speech and language impairment		*Speech and language impairment
	*Ophthalmologic impairment		*Ophthalmologic impairment
	*Hearing impairment		*[[Hearing loss\|Hearing impairment]]
	*Oromotor dysfunction		*Oromotor dysfunction
	*Epilepsy		*[[Epilepsy]]
	*Disease classified according to resting tone and limb involvement		*Disease classified according to resting tone and limb involvement

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	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	*~~R/o~~ [[Baclofen withdrawal]] in patient being treated for spasticity with Baclofen pump.		*Rule out [[Baclofen withdrawal]] in patient being treated for spasticity with Baclofen pump.

	==Management==		==Management==

ClaireLewis: /* Clinical Features */

2019-08-27T15:22:43Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:22, 27 August 2019
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	*Abnormal muscle tone (most common)		*Abnormal muscle tone (most common)
	**Hypertonia > hypotonia		**Hypertonia > hypotonia
	*~~Mental retardation~~ (30-50%)<ref>Russman BS, Ashwal S. Evaluation of the child with cerebral palsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2004 Mar. 11(1):47-57.</ref>		*Intellectual disability (30-50%)<ref>Russman BS, Ashwal S. Evaluation of the child with cerebral palsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2004 Mar. 11(1):47-57.</ref>
	*Speech and language impairment		*Speech and language impairment
	*Ophthalmologic impairment		*Ophthalmologic impairment

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation=="

2016-07-22T09:58:13Z

Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation=="

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:58, 22 July 2016
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	***Malignancy		***Malignancy

	==~~Diagnosis~~==		==Evaluation==
	*R/o [[Baclofen withdrawal]] in patient being treated for spasticity with Baclofen pump.		*R/o [[Baclofen withdrawal]] in patient being treated for spasticity with Baclofen pump.

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "* " to "*"

2016-07-06T04:32:35Z

Text replacement - "* " to "*"

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:32, 6 July 2016
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	*'''Neuromuscular weakness'''		*'''Neuromuscular weakness'''
	**UMN:		**UMN:
	*** [[CVA (Main)]]		***[[CVA (Main)]]
	*** [[Hemorrhagic stroke]]		***[[Hemorrhagic stroke]]
	**Spinal cord disease:		**Spinal cord disease:
	*** Infection ([[Epidural Abscess (Spinal)]])		***Infection ([[Epidural Abscess (Spinal)]])
	*** Infarction/ischemia		***Infarction/ischemia
	*** Trauma ([[Spinal Cord Syndromes]])		***Trauma ([[Spinal Cord Syndromes]])
	*** Inflammation ([[Transverse Myelitis]])		***Inflammation ([[Transverse Myelitis]])
	*** Tumor		***Tumor
	**Peripheral nerve disease:		**Peripheral nerve disease:
	*** [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]		***[[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]
	*** [[Tick paralysis]]		***[[Tick paralysis]]
	**NMJ disease:		**NMJ disease:
	*** [[Botulism]]		***[[Botulism]]
	*** [[Organophosphate toxicity]]		***[[Organophosphate toxicity]]
	*** [[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]]		***[[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]]
	**Muscle disease:		**Muscle disease:
	*** [[Rhabdomyolysis]]		***[[Rhabdomyolysis]]
	*'''Non-neuromuscular weakness'''		*'''Non-neuromuscular weakness'''
	**Can't miss diagnoses:		**Can't miss diagnoses:
	*** severe infection/[[Sepsis (Main)]]		***severe infection/[[Sepsis (Main)]]
	*** [[Hypoglycemia]]		***[[Hypoglycemia]]
	*** Periodic paralysis (electrolyte disturbance, K, Mg, Ca)		***Periodic paralysis (electrolyte disturbance, K, Mg, Ca)
	****[[Hypokalemic periodic paralysis]]		****[[Hypokalemic periodic paralysis]]
	****[[Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]]		****[[Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis]]
	*** Respiratory failure		***Respiratory failure
	**Emergent Diagnoses:		**Emergent Diagnoses:
	*** Symptomatic [[Anemia]]		***Symptomatic [[Anemia]]
	*** Severe dehydration		***Severe dehydration
	*** [[Hypothyroidism]]		***[[Hypothyroidism]]
	*** Malignancy		***Malignancy

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==

Ostermayer: Text replacement - "Category:Peds" to "Category:Pediatrics"

2016-03-22T16:00:03Z

Text replacement - "Category:Peds" to "Category:Pediatrics"

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:00, 22 March 2016
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	[[Category:Neurology]]		[[Category:Neurology]]
	[[Category:~~Peds~~]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]

Ostermayer: Text replacement - "Category:Neuro" to "Category:Neurology"

2016-03-22T14:15:13Z

Text replacement - "Category:Neuro" to "Category:Neurology"

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:15, 22 March 2016
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	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:~~Neuro~~]]		[[Category:Neurology]]
	[[Category:Peds]]		[[Category:Peds]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2016-03-18T01:40:30Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:40, 18 March 2016
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	**Injury occurs during fetal or neonatal period up to 3 yrs. Official diagnosis may not be made until 3 years of age<ref>Shevell MI, Bodensteiner JB. Cerebral palsy: defining the problem. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2004 Mar. 11(1):2-4.</ref>		**Injury occurs during fetal or neonatal period up to 3 yrs. Official diagnosis may not be made until 3 years of age<ref>Shevell MI, Bodensteiner JB. Cerebral palsy: defining the problem. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2004 Mar. 11(1):2-4.</ref>
	*Associated with		*Associated with
	**Birth: hypoxia, placental abruption, prolonged labor, uterine rupture		**Birth: [[hypoxia]], [[placental abruption]], prolonged labor, [[uterine rupture]]
	**Child: jaundice/kernicterus, low-birth weight, prematurity		**Child: [[jaundice]]/kernicterus, low-birth weight, prematurity
	**Mother: infection (prenatal), infertility tx, multiple births, thyroid disorder, seizure disorder		**Mother: infection (prenatal), infertility treatment, multiple births, [[thyroid disorder]], [[seizure]] disorder

	===Classification<ref>Stanley F, Blair E, Alberman E. Cerebal Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. London, United Kingdom: MacKeith Press; 2000</ref>===		===Classification<ref>Stanley F, Blair E, Alberman E. Cerebal Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. London, United Kingdom: MacKeith Press; 2000</ref>===

Rossdonaldson1: /* References */

2016-03-18T01:39:46Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:39, 18 March 2016
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	==References==		==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

			[[Category:Neuro]]
			[[Category:Peds]]

Rossdonaldson1 at 01:38, 18 March 2016

2016-03-18T01:38:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:38, 18 March 2016
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	**Mother: infection (prenatal), infertility tx, multiple births, thyroid disorder, seizure disorder		**Mother: infection (prenatal), infertility tx, multiple births, thyroid disorder, seizure disorder

	=~~=Clinical Features==~~		===Classification<ref>Stanley F, Blair E, Alberman E. Cerebal Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. London, United Kingdom: MacKeith Press; 2000</ref>===
	*Abnormal muscle tone (most common)
	**Hypertonia > hypotonia
	*Mental retardation (30-50%)<ref>Russman BS, Ashwal S. Evaluation of the child with cerebral palsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2004 Mar. 11(1):47-57.</ref>
	*Speech and language impairment
	*Ophthalmologic impairment
	*Hearing impairment
	*Oromotor dysfunction
	*Epilepsy
	*Disease classified according to resting tone and limb involvement

	==Classification<ref>Stanley F, Blair E, Alberman E. Cerebal Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. London, United Kingdom: MacKeith Press; 2000</ref>==
	*Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, ~80% of cases		*Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type, ~80% of cases

	~~====~~Spastic diplegia (30-40%)~~====~~		'''Spastic diplegia (30-40%)'''
	*Bilateral lower extremities effected more than upper extremities or sole involvement of lower extremities.		*Bilateral lower extremities effected more than upper extremities or sole involvement of lower extremities.

	~~====~~Spastic hemiplegia (20-30%)~~====~~		'''Spastic hemiplegia (20-30%)'''
	*One side of the body effected, including an upper and lower extremity		*One side of the body effected, including an upper and lower extremity
	*Upper extremity spasticity effected more than lower extremity		*Upper extremity spasticity effected more than lower extremity
	**Double hemiplegia: when both arms are more involved than the legs		**Double hemiplegia: when both arms are more involved than the legs

	~~====~~Spastic quadriplegia (10-15%)~~====~~		'''Spastic quadriplegia (10-15%)'''
	*Cerebral palsy affecting all 4 extremities and the trunk (full body)		*Cerebral palsy affecting all 4 extremities and the trunk (full body)

	~~====~~Dyskinetic cerebral palsy~~====~~		'''Dyskinetic cerebral palsy'''
	*Athetoid, choreoathetoid, and dystonic		*Athetoid, choreoathetoid, and dystonic
	*Extrapyramidal signs characterized by abnormal movements; hypertonicity		*Extrapyramidal signs characterized by abnormal movements; hypertonicity

	~~====~~Mixed cerebral palsy~~====~~		'''Mixed cerebral palsy'''
	*Mixture of spastic and dyskinetic components without predominant area		*Mixture of spastic and dyskinetic components without predominant area

	~~====~~Hypotonic cerebral palsy~~====~~		'''Hypotonic cerebral palsy'''
	*Rare: Truncal and extremity hypotonia with hyperreflexia and persistent primitive reflexes		*Rare: Truncal and extremity hypotonia with hyperreflexia and persistent primitive reflexes

	~~====~~Monoplegia~~====~~		'''Monoplegia'''
	*Rare: One limb involved, either an arm or a leg		*Rare: One limb involved, either an arm or a leg
	*Must rule out other causes.		*Must rule out other causes.

			==Clinical Features==
			*Abnormal muscle tone (most common)
			**Hypertonia > hypotonia
			*Mental retardation (30-50%)<ref>Russman BS, Ashwal S. Evaluation of the child with cerebral palsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2004 Mar. 11(1):47-57.</ref>
			*Speech and language impairment
			*Ophthalmologic impairment
			*Hearing impairment
			*Oromotor dysfunction
			*Epilepsy
			*Disease classified according to resting tone and limb involvement

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==