Dysphagia - Revision history

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

2026-01-04T22:50:23Z

Prepared the page for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 4 January 2026
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			<languages/>
			<translate>

	==Background==		==Background==

	[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]		[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]
	[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]		[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
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	*Medications can cause dysphagia from esophageal mucosal injury or reduced lower esophageal sphincter tone.		*Medications can cause dysphagia from esophageal mucosal injury or reduced lower esophageal sphincter tone.
	*CVA is most common cause of oropharyngeal dysphagia		*CVA is most common cause of oropharyngeal dysphagia


	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==

	*Difficulty swallowing		*Difficulty swallowing
	*Sensation of food stuck		*Sensation of food stuck
	*[[Chest pain]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Chest pain\|Chest pain]]
	*Dysphagia categories<ref>Spieker MR. Evaluating Dysphagia. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jun 15;61(12):3639-3648.</ref>		*Dysphagia categories<ref>Spieker MR. Evaluating Dysphagia. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jun 15;61(12):3639-3648.</ref>
	**Oropharyngeal dysphagia - difficulty initiating swallowing (coughing, chocking, nasal regurgitation)		**Oropharyngeal dysphagia - difficulty initiating swallowing (coughing, chocking, nasal regurgitation)
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	***Mechanical obstruction - usually solid food only		***Mechanical obstruction - usually solid food only
	***Neuromuscular disorder - solid or liquid food		***Neuromuscular disorder - solid or liquid food



	====Transfer dysphagia (oropharyngeal)====		====Transfer dysphagia (oropharyngeal)====

	*Discoordination in transferring bolus from pharynx to esophagus		*Discoordination in transferring bolus from pharynx to esophagus
	*Etiology		*Etiology
	**Neuromuscular disease (80% of cases)		**Neuromuscular disease (80% of cases)
	***[[CVA]], [[scleroderma]], [[myasthenia gravis]], [[parkinson's disease\|Parkinson's]], [[botulism]], [[lead poisoning]]		***[[Special:MyLanguage/CVA\|CVA]], [[Special:MyLanguage/scleroderma\|scleroderma]], [[Special:MyLanguage/myasthenia gravis\|myasthenia gravis]], [[Special:MyLanguage/parkinson's disease\|Parkinson's]], [[Special:MyLanguage/botulism\|botulism]], [[Special:MyLanguage/lead poisoning\|lead poisoning]]
	**Localized disease		**Localized disease
	***[[Pharyngitis]], aphthous ulcers, [[PTA]], [[zenker's diverticulum\|Zenker diverticulum]]		***[[Special:MyLanguage/Pharyngitis\|Pharyngitis]], aphthous ulcers, [[Special:MyLanguage/PTA\|PTA]], [[Special:MyLanguage/zenker's diverticulum\|Zenker diverticulum]]
	*Symptoms		*Symptoms
	**Gagging, [[cough]]ing, inability to initiate swallow, need for repeated swallows		**Gagging, [[Special:MyLanguage/cough\|cough]]ing, inability to initiate swallow, need for repeated swallows


	====Transport dysphagia (esophageal)====		====Transport dysphagia (esophageal)====

	*Improper transfer of bolus from upper esophagus into stomach		*Improper transfer of bolus from upper esophagus into stomach
	*Etiology		*Etiology
	**Obstructive disease (85% of cases)		**Obstructive disease (85% of cases)
	***[[ingested foreign body\|Foreign body]], carcinoma, webs, strictures, [[thyroid]] enlargement		***[[Special:MyLanguage/ingested foreign body\|Foreign body]], carcinoma, webs, strictures, [[Special:MyLanguage/thyroid\|thyroid]] enlargement
	**Motor disorder		**Motor disorder
	***[[Achalasia]], peristaltic dysfunction (nutcracker esophagus), [[scleroderma]]		***[[Special:MyLanguage/Achalasia\|Achalasia]], peristaltic dysfunction (nutcracker esophagus), [[Special:MyLanguage/scleroderma\|scleroderma]]
	*Symptoms		*Symptoms
	**Food "sticking," retrosternal fullness with solids (and eventually liquids), odynophagia		**Food "sticking," retrosternal fullness with solids (and eventually liquids), odynophagia


	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

			</translate>
	{{Dysphagia DDX}}		{{Dysphagia DDX}}
			<translate>


	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==

	*Evaluate for underlying etiology (e.g. rule out new neuro dysfunction)		*Evaluate for underlying etiology (e.g. rule out new neuro dysfunction)
	*Neck x-ray (AP and lateral)		*Neck x-ray (AP and lateral)
	**Helpful in presumed transfer dysphagia and proximal transport dysphagia		**Helpful in presumed transfer dysphagia and proximal transport dysphagia
	*[[CXR]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/CXR\|CXR]]
	**Helpful in presumed transport dysphagia		**Helpful in presumed transport dysphagia


	==Management==		==Management==

	*Referral to GI or ENT for direct laryngoscopy or video-esophagography		*Referral to GI or ENT for direct laryngoscopy or video-esophagography


	==Disposition==		==Disposition==


	==See Also==		==See Also==


	==References==		==References==

	<references/>		<references/>
	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]
	[[Category:Symptoms]]		[[Category:Symptoms]]
			</translate>

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2024-02-07T22:24:15Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 7 February 2024
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	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]
			[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
			[[File:Illu esophagus.jpg\|thumb\|Esophagus anatomy and nomenclature based on two systems.]]
	*Most patients with dysphagia have an identifiable, organic cause		*Most patients with dysphagia have an identifiable, organic cause
	*Assume malignancy in patients >40yo with new-onset dysphagia		*Assume malignancy in patients >40yo with new-onset dysphagia

ClaireLewis: /* References */

2019-09-29T20:34:30Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:34, 29 September 2019
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	<references/>		<references/>
	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]
			[[Category:Symptoms]]

ClaireLewis: /* Transfer dysphagia (oropharyngeal) */

2019-09-29T20:29:45Z

Transfer dysphagia (oropharyngeal)

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 29 September 2019
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	*Etiology		*Etiology
	**Neuromuscular disease (80% of cases)		**Neuromuscular disease (80% of cases)
	***[[CVA]], [[scleroderma]], [[myasthenia]], [[parkinson's disease\|Parkinson's]], [[botulism]], [[lead poisoning]]		***[[CVA]], [[scleroderma]], [[myasthenia gravis]], [[parkinson's disease\|Parkinson's]], [[botulism]], [[lead poisoning]]
	**Localized disease		**Localized disease
	***[[Pharyngitis]], aphthous ulcers, [[PTA]], [[zenker's diverticulum\|Zenker diverticulum]]		***[[Pharyngitis]], aphthous ulcers, [[PTA]], [[zenker's diverticulum\|Zenker diverticulum]]
	*Symptoms		*Symptoms
	**Gagging, [[cough]]ing, inability to initiate swallow, need for repeated swallows		**Gagging, [[cough]]ing, inability to initiate swallow, need for repeated swallows

	====Transport dysphagia (esophageal)====		====Transport dysphagia (esophageal)====
	*Improper transfer of bolus from upper esophagus into stomach		*Improper transfer of bolus from upper esophagus into stomach

ClaireLewis at 20:29, 29 September 2019

2019-09-29T20:29:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 29 September 2019
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	***Neuromuscular disorder - solid or liquid food		***Neuromuscular disorder - solid or liquid food

	~~==Differential Diagnosis==~~
	~~{{Dysphagia DDX}}~~

	~~==Evaluation==~~
	~~''Must distinguish between transfer dysphagia and transport dysphagia''~~

	~~===Work-Up===~~
	*Neck x-ray (AP and lateral)
	**Helpful in presumed transfer dysphagia and proximal transport dysphagia
	*[[CXR]]
	**Helpful in presumed transport dysphagia

	~~===Evaluation===~~
	====Transfer dysphagia (oropharyngeal)====		====Transfer dysphagia (oropharyngeal)====
	*Discoordination in transferring bolus from pharynx to esophagus		*Discoordination in transferring bolus from pharynx to esophagus
	*Etiology		*Etiology
	**Neuromuscular disease (80% of cases)		**Neuromuscular disease (80% of cases)
	***CVA, scleroderma, MG, Parkinson's, botulism, lead poisoning		***[[CVA]], [[scleroderma]], [[myasthenia]], [[parkinson's disease\|Parkinson's]], [[botulism]], [[lead poisoning]]
	**Localized disease		**Localized disease
	***Pharyngitis, aphthous ulcers, PTA, Zenker diverticulum		***[[Pharyngitis]], aphthous ulcers, [[PTA]], [[zenker's diverticulum\|Zenker diverticulum]]
	*Symptoms		*Symptoms
	**Gagging, ~~coughing~~, inability to initiate swallow, need for repeated swallows		**Gagging, [[cough]]ing, inability to initiate swallow, need for repeated swallows
	====Transport dysphagia (esophageal)====		====Transport dysphagia (esophageal)====
	*Improper transfer of bolus from upper esophagus into stomach		*Improper transfer of bolus from upper esophagus into stomach
	*Etiology		*Etiology
	**Obstructive disease (85% of cases)		**Obstructive disease (85% of cases)
	***Foreign body, carcinoma, webs, ~~stricures~~, thyroid enlargement		***[[ingested foreign body\|Foreign body]], carcinoma, webs, strictures, [[thyroid]] enlargement
	**Motor disorder		**Motor disorder
	***Achalasia, peristaltic dysfunction (nutcracker esophagus), scleroderma		***[[Achalasia]], peristaltic dysfunction (nutcracker esophagus), [[scleroderma]]
	*Symptoms		*Symptoms
	**Food "sticking," retrosternal fullness with solids (and eventually liquids), odynophagia		**Food "sticking," retrosternal fullness with solids (and eventually liquids), odynophagia

			==Differential Diagnosis==
			{{Dysphagia DDX}}

			==Evaluation==
			*Evaluate for underlying etiology (e.g. rule out new neuro dysfunction)
			*Neck x-ray (AP and lateral)
			**Helpful in presumed transfer dysphagia and proximal transport dysphagia
			*[[CXR]]
			**Helpful in presumed transport dysphagia

	==Management==		==Management==

Kxl328: /* Clinical Features */

2018-10-07T23:02:33Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 7 October 2018
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	*Sensation of food stuck		*Sensation of food stuck
	*[[Chest pain]]		*[[Chest pain]]
			*Dysphagia categories<ref>Spieker MR. Evaluating Dysphagia. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jun 15;61(12):3639-3648.</ref>
			**Oropharyngeal dysphagia - difficulty initiating swallowing (coughing, chocking, nasal regurgitation)
			**Esophageal dysphagia
			***Mechanical obstruction - usually solid food only
			***Neuromuscular disorder - solid or liquid food

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

Adamhaag at 18:00, 19 August 2017

2017-08-19T18:00:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:00, 19 August 2017
Line 2:		Line 2:
	*Most patients with dysphagia have an identifiable, organic cause		*Most patients with dysphagia have an identifiable, organic cause
	*Assume malignancy in patients >40yo with new-onset dysphagia		*Assume malignancy in patients >40yo with new-onset dysphagia
			*Medications can cause dysphagia from esophageal mucosal injury or reduced lower esophageal sphincter tone.
			*CVA is most common cause of oropharyngeal dysphagia

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==

Mholtz: Text replacement - "==References== " to "==References== "

2017-07-24T01:12:59Z

Text replacement - "==References== " to "==References== <references/> "

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:12, 24 July 2017
Line 48:		Line 48:

	==References==		==References==
			<references/>
	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]

Rossdonaldson1: Text replacement - "Chest pain" to "Chest pain"

2016-09-25T20:44:45Z

Text replacement - "*Chest pain" to "*Chest pain"

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 25 September 2016
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	*Difficulty swallowing		*Difficulty swallowing
	*Sensation of food stuck		*Sensation of food stuck
	*Chest pain		*[[Chest pain]]

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

Rossdonaldson1: Text replacement - "CXR" to "CXR"

2016-09-09T09:25:20Z

Text replacement - "*CXR" to "*CXR"

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 9 September 2016
Line 17:		Line 17:
	*Neck x-ray (AP and lateral)		*Neck x-ray (AP and lateral)
	**Helpful in presumed transfer dysphagia and proximal transport dysphagia		**Helpful in presumed transfer dysphagia and proximal transport dysphagia
	*CXR		*[[CXR]]
	**Helpful in presumed transport dysphagia		**Helpful in presumed transport dysphagia