Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Revision history

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

2026-01-04T22:56:07Z

Prepared the page for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:56, 4 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
			<languages/>
			<translate>

	==Background==		==Background==

	[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]		[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]
	[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]		[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
Line 7:		Line 11:
	**Usually accompanied by "heartburn" symptoms and histopathologic changes in the esophagus		**Usually accompanied by "heartburn" symptoms and histopathologic changes in the esophagus
	*Affects up to 20% of population		*Affects up to 20% of population
	*Assume [[chest pain]] is cardiac origin until proven otherwise		*Assume [[Special:MyLanguage/chest pain\|chest pain]] is cardiac origin until proven otherwise


	===Causes===		===Causes===

	*Decreased pressure of lower esophageal sphincter		*Decreased pressure of lower esophageal sphincter
	**High-fat food		**High-fat food
	**Nicotine		**Nicotine
	**[[Ethanol]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Ethanol\|Ethanol]]
	**[[Caffeine]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Caffeine\|Caffeine]]
	**Medications (mintrates, [[calcium-channel blockers]], [[anticholinergics]], progesterone/estrogen)		**Medications (mintrates, [[Special:MyLanguage/calcium-channel blockers\|calcium-channel blockers]], [[Special:MyLanguage/anticholinergics\|anticholinergics]], progesterone/estrogen)
	**[[Pregnancy]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Pregnancy\|Pregnancy]]
	*Decreased esophageal motility		*Decreased esophageal motility
	**[[Achalasia]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Achalasia\|Achalasia]]
	**[[Scleroderma]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Scleroderma\|Scleroderma]]
	**[[Diabetes]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Diabetes\|Diabetes]]
	*Prolonged gastric emptying		*Prolonged gastric emptying
	**[[Anticholinergics]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Anticholinergics\|Anticholinergics]]
	**Outlet obstruction		**Outlet obstruction
	**Diabetic [[gastroparesis]]		**Diabetic [[Special:MyLanguage/gastroparesis\|gastroparesis]]
	*High-fat food		*High-fat food


	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==

	[[File:GERD 2.png\|thumb\|Severe tooth erosion in GERD<ref>Ranjitkar S, Kaidonis JA, Smales RJ (2012). "Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Tooth Erosion". International Journal of Dentistry. 2012: 479850. doi:10.1155/2012/479850. ISSN 1687-8728. PMC 3238367. PMID 22194748.</ref>]]		[[File:GERD 2.png\|thumb\|Severe tooth erosion in GERD<ref>Ranjitkar S, Kaidonis JA, Smales RJ (2012). "Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Tooth Erosion". International Journal of Dentistry. 2012: 479850. doi:10.1155/2012/479850. ISSN 1687-8728. PMC 3238367. PMID 22194748.</ref>]]

	===Typical===		===Typical===
	*[[epigastric pain\|Pain]] and discomfort with or right after meals
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/epigastric pain\|Pain]] and discomfort with or right after meals
	**typically described as burning pain		**typically described as burning pain
	**often worse when lying flat		**often worse when lying flat
	*+/-[[Dysphagia]]		*+/-[[Special:MyLanguage/Dysphagia\|Dysphagia]]


	===Atypical===		===Atypical===
	*[[Chest pain]] with features similar to [[ACS]]:
	**Exertional, associated with diaphoresis, nausea/[[vomiting]], radiating to arm		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Chest pain\|Chest pain]] with features similar to [[Special:MyLanguage/ACS\|ACS]]:
	*[[Asthma]]		**Exertional, associated with diaphoresis, nausea/[[Special:MyLanguage/vomiting\|vomiting]], radiating to arm
	*[[Pneumonia]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Asthma\|Asthma]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Pneumonia\|Pneumonia]]
	*Hoarseness		*Hoarseness
	*Aspiration		*Aspiration


	===Pediatric===		===Pediatric===

	*Reflux is physiologic in infants		*Reflux is physiologic in infants
	*Pathologic only if it causes complications, such as:		*Pathologic only if it causes complications, such as:
	**[[Failure to thrive (peds)\|Failure to thrive]]/weight loss		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Failure to thrive (peds)\|Failure to thrive]]/weight loss
	**[[Esophagitis]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Esophagitis\|Esophagitis]]
	**Respiratory disease: refractory [[asthma]], recurrent [[pneumonia]], apnea		**Respiratory disease: refractory [[Special:MyLanguage/asthma\|asthma]], recurrent [[Special:MyLanguage/pneumonia\|pneumonia]], apnea
	**[[BRUE]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/BRUE\|BRUE]]


	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

			</translate>
	{{Abdominal Pain DDX Epigastric}}		{{Abdominal Pain DDX Epigastric}}
			<translate>


	==Management==		==Management==

	[[File:Peptic stricture.png\|thumb\|Endoscopic image showing narrowing of the esophagus near the junction with the stomach, a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease that can cause dysphagia.]]		[[File:Peptic stricture.png\|thumb\|Endoscopic image showing narrowing of the esophagus near the junction with the stomach, a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease that can cause dysphagia.]]
	*Avoid GERD exacerbating agents (ETOH, caffeine, nicotine, chocolate, fatty foods)		*Avoid GERD exacerbating agents (ETOH, caffeine, nicotine, chocolate, fatty foods)
	*Sleep with head of bed elevated		*Sleep with head of bed elevated
	*Avoid eating within 3hr of sleep		*Avoid eating within 3hr of sleep
	*[[PPI]], [[H2 blocker]], [[bismuth subsalicylate]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/PPI\|PPI]], [[Special:MyLanguage/H2 blocker\|H2 blocker]], [[Special:MyLanguage/bismuth subsalicylate\|bismuth subsalicylate]]


	===Infants===		===Infants===

	*Small frequent feeds, avoid semi-supine position (e.g. carseat, carrier) right after feeds		*Small frequent feeds, avoid semi-supine position (e.g. carseat, carrier) right after feeds
	**medications only if significant complications		**medications only if significant complications


	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

	*Home (outpatient treatment)		*Home (outpatient treatment)


	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Abdominal Pain]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal Pain\|Abdominal Pain]]


	==References==		==References==

	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]
			</translate>

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2024-02-07T22:24:24Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 7 February 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Gray1032.png\|thumb\|Posterior view of the position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum.]]
			[[File:Layers of the GI Tract english.svg\|thumb\|Layers of the GI track: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.]]
			[[File:Illu esophagus.jpg\|thumb\|Esophagus anatomy and nomenclature based on two systems.]]
	*Abbreviation: GERD		*Abbreviation: GERD
	*Definition: a highly variable chronic condition that is characterized by periodic episodes of backward flow of the gastric contents into the esophagus due to improper functioning of a sphincter at the lower end of the esophagus		*Definition: a highly variable chronic condition that is characterized by periodic episodes of backward flow of the gastric contents into the esophagus due to improper functioning of a sphincter at the lower end of the esophagus

Elcatracho: /* Management */

2021-03-05T23:04:47Z

Management

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:04, 5 March 2021
Line 56:		Line 56:
	*Sleep with head of bed elevated		*Sleep with head of bed elevated
	*Avoid eating within 3hr of sleep		*Avoid eating within 3hr of sleep
	*[[PPI]] or [[H2 blocker]]		*[[PPI]], [[H2 blocker]], [[bismuth subsalicylate]]

	===Infants===		===Infants===

Rossdonaldson1: /* Management */

2020-05-02T13:44:06Z

Management

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:44, 2 May 2020
Line 52:		Line 52:

	==Management==		==Management==
			[[File:Peptic stricture.png\|thumb\|Endoscopic image showing narrowing of the esophagus near the junction with the stomach, a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease that can cause dysphagia.]]
	*Avoid GERD exacerbating agents (ETOH, caffeine, nicotine, chocolate, fatty foods)		*Avoid GERD exacerbating agents (ETOH, caffeine, nicotine, chocolate, fatty foods)
	*Sleep with head of bed elevated		*Sleep with head of bed elevated

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features */

2020-05-02T13:41:47Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:41, 2 May 2020
Line 25:		Line 25:

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
			[[File:GERD 2.png\|thumb\|Severe tooth erosion in GERD<ref>Ranjitkar S, Kaidonis JA, Smales RJ (2012). "Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Tooth Erosion". International Journal of Dentistry. 2012: 479850. doi:10.1155/2012/479850. ISSN 1687-8728. PMC 3238367. PMID 22194748.</ref>]]
	===Typical===		===Typical===
	*[[epigastric pain\|Pain]] and discomfort with or right after meals		*[[epigastric pain\|Pain]] and discomfort with or right after meals

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2020-05-02T13:39:39Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:39, 2 May 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Background==		==Background==
	~~[[File:Gray1046.png\|thumb\|Stomach anatomy]]~~
	~~[[File:Illu stomach2.jpg\|thumb\|Stomach wall anatomy]]~~
	*Abbreviation: GERD		*Abbreviation: GERD
			*Definition: a highly variable chronic condition that is characterized by periodic episodes of backward flow of the gastric contents into the esophagus due to improper functioning of a sphincter at the lower end of the esophagus
			**Usually accompanied by "heartburn" symptoms and histopathologic changes in the esophagus
	*Affects up to 20% of population		*Affects up to 20% of population
	*Assume [[chest pain]] is cardiac origin until proven otherwise		*Assume [[chest pain]] is cardiac origin until proven otherwise

Rossdonaldson1 at 13:23, 2 May 2020

2020-05-02T13:23:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 2 May 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Gray1046.png\|thumb\|Stomach anatomy]]
			[[File:Illu stomach2.jpg\|thumb\|Stomach wall anatomy]]
	*Abbreviation: GERD		*Abbreviation: GERD
	*Affects up to 20% of population		*Affects up to 20% of population

ClaireLewis at 20:51, 29 September 2019

2019-09-29T20:51:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:51, 29 September 2019
Line 9:		Line 9:
	**Nicotine		**Nicotine
	**[[Ethanol]]		**[[Ethanol]]
	**Caffeine		**[[Caffeine]]
	**Medications (mintrates, [[calcium-channel blockers]], [[anticholinergics]], progesterone/estrogen)		**Medications (mintrates, [[calcium-channel blockers]], [[anticholinergics]], progesterone/estrogen)
	**[[Pregnancy]]		**[[Pregnancy]]
Line 19:		Line 19:
	**[[Anticholinergics]]		**[[Anticholinergics]]
	**Outlet obstruction		**Outlet obstruction
	**Diabetic gastroparesis		**Diabetic [[gastroparesis]]
	*High-fat food		*High-fat food

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	===Typical===		===Typical===
	*Pain and discomfort with or right after meals		*[[epigastric pain\|Pain]] and discomfort with or right after meals
	**typically described as burning pain		**typically described as burning pain
	**often worse when lying flat		**often worse when lying flat
	**dysphagia		*+/-[[Dysphagia]]

	===Atypical===		===Atypical===
Line 40:		Line 40:
	*Reflux is physiologic in infants		*Reflux is physiologic in infants
	*Pathologic only if it causes complications, such as:		*Pathologic only if it causes complications, such as:
	**~~failure~~ to thrive/weight loss		**[[Failure to thrive (peds)\|Failure to thrive]]/weight loss
	**~~esophagitis~~		**[[Esophagitis]]
	**~~respiratory~~ disease: refractory [[asthma]], recurrent [[pneumonia]], apnea		**Respiratory disease: refractory [[asthma]], recurrent [[pneumonia]], apnea
	**[[BRUE]]		**[[BRUE]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Management */

2016-11-03T11:17:17Z

Management

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:17, 3 November 2016
Line 53:		Line 53:
	*Avoid eating within 3hr of sleep		*Avoid eating within 3hr of sleep
	*[[PPI]] or [[H2 blocker]]		*[[PPI]] or [[H2 blocker]]
	*~~Infants: small~~ frequent feeds, avoid semi-supine position (e.g. carseat, carrier) right after feeds
			===Infants===
			*Small frequent feeds, avoid semi-supine position (e.g. carseat, carrier) right after feeds
	**medications only if significant complications		**medications only if significant complications


	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Pediatric GERD */

2016-11-03T11:16:04Z

Pediatric GERD

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, 3 November 2016
Line 37:		Line 37:
	*Aspiration		*Aspiration

	===Pediatric ~~GERD~~===		===Pediatric===
	*Reflux is physiologic in infants		*Reflux is physiologic in infants
	*Pathologic only if it causes complications, such as:		*Pathologic only if it causes complications, such as:
	**failure to thrive/weight loss		**failure to thrive/weight loss
	**esophagitis		**esophagitis
	**respiratory disease: refractory [[asthma]], recurrent pneumonia, apnea		**respiratory disease: refractory [[asthma]], recurrent [[pneumonia]], apnea
	**[[BRUE]]		**[[BRUE]]