Hepatitis D - Revision history

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

2026-01-04T23:01:00Z

Prepared the page for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:01, 4 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
			<languages/>
			<translate>

	==Background==		==Background==

	*Enveloped RNA virus		*Enveloped RNA virus
	*Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent [[hepatitis]] infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presence of [[HBV]] for replication		*Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent [[Special:MyLanguage/hepatitis\|hepatitis]] infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presence of [[Special:MyLanguage/HBV\|HBV]] for replication
	*Rare in developed countries, transmission similar to HBV (blood-borne)		*Rare in developed countries, transmission similar to HBV (blood-borne)
	*HDV-HBV co-infection considered most severe variant of chronic viral hepatitis due to rapid progression to liver failure and HCC<ref>WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d</ref>		*HDV-HBV co-infection considered most severe variant of chronic viral hepatitis due to rapid progression to liver failure and HCC<ref>WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d</ref>


	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	*[[Acute hepatitis]], ranging from mild to fulminant hepatitis with [[acute liver failure]]
	**[[Nausea/Vomiting]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute hepatitis\|Acute hepatitis]], ranging from mild to fulminant hepatitis with [[Special:MyLanguage/acute liver failure\|acute liver failure]]
	**[[RUQ pain]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Nausea/Vomiting\|Nausea/Vomiting]]
	***[[hepatomegaly\|Enlarged]], tender liver		**[[Special:MyLanguage/RUQ pain\|RUQ pain]]
	**[[Fever]]		***[[Special:MyLanguage/hepatomegaly\|Enlarged]], tender liver
	**[[Jaundice]], bilirubinuria		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever\|Fever]]
			**[[Special:MyLanguage/Jaundice\|Jaundice]], bilirubinuria
	*Chronic superinfection (HDV+HBV)		*Chronic superinfection (HDV+HBV)
	**Accelerates progression of chronic HBV to [[cirrhosis]]		**Accelerates progression of chronic HBV to [[Special:MyLanguage/cirrhosis\|cirrhosis]]


	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

			</translate>
	{{Acute hepatitis causes}}		{{Acute hepatitis causes}}
			<translate>


	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==

	*High anti-HDV IgG/IgM titers plus confirmation with serum HDV RNA definitively diagnose, however not widely available<ref>WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d</ref>		*High anti-HDV IgG/IgM titers plus confirmation with serum HDV RNA definitively diagnose, however not widely available<ref>WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d</ref>

	===[[Acute Hepatitis]] Evaluation===
	*[[LFTs]]		===[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute Hepatitis\|Acute Hepatitis]] Evaluation===

			*[[Special:MyLanguage/LFTs\|LFTs]]
	**AST, ALT > 1000s		**AST, ALT > 1000s
	**Elevated bilirubin		**Elevated bilirubin
	**Elevated alk phosphatase		**Elevated alk phosphatase
	*INR		*INR
	**[[liver disease induced coagulopathy\|Coagulopathy]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/liver disease induced coagulopathy\|Coagulopathy]]
	*Consider acetaminophen level		*Consider acetaminophen level
	*Acute hepatitis panel		*Acute hepatitis panel
Line 73:		Line 87:
	\| Acute or chronic hepatitis C; additional tests are required to make the determination		\| Acute or chronic hepatitis C; additional tests are required to make the determination
	\|}		\|}




	==Management==		==Management==

	*Acute management is supportive		*Acute management is supportive
	*Consider liver transplant consultation if approaching [[liver failure]]		*Consider liver transplant consultation if approaching [[Special:MyLanguage/liver failure\|liver failure]]
	*Outpatient treatment with [[Interferon-α]]		*Outpatient treatment with [[Special:MyLanguage/Interferon-α\|Interferon-α]]


	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

	*Consider admission for:		*Consider admission for:
	#Bilirubin > 20		#Bilirubin > 20
	#PT 50% above normal, INR >2		#PT 50% above normal, INR >2
	#[[Hypoglycemia]]		#[[Special:MyLanguage/Hypoglycemia\|Hypoglycemia]]
	#Hypoalbuminemia		#Hypoalbuminemia
	#Any [[GI bleeding]]		#Any [[Special:MyLanguage/GI bleeding\|GI bleeding]]
	#Uncontrolled nausea/vomiting, pain		#Uncontrolled nausea/vomiting, pain
	#Significant comorbidity, immunocompromised, elderly		#Significant comorbidity, immunocompromised, elderly


	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Hepatitis B]], [[viral hepatitis]]
	*[[Acute Hepatitis]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Hepatitis B\|Hepatitis B]], [[Special:MyLanguage/viral hepatitis\|viral hepatitis]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Acute Hepatitis\|Acute Hepatitis]]


	==External Links==		==External Links==
Line 99:		Line 120:

	==References==		==References==

	<references/>		<references/>

Line 104:		Line 126:
	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]
	[[Category:ID]]		[[Category:ID]]
			</translate>

ClaireLewis at 21:07, 29 September 2019

2019-09-29T21:07:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:07, 29 September 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Background==		==Background==
	*Enveloped RNA virus		*Enveloped RNA virus
	*Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent [[hepatitis]] infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presence of HBV for replication		*Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent [[hepatitis]] infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presence of [[HBV]] for replication
	*Rare in developed countries, transmission similar to HBV (blood-borne)		*Rare in developed countries, transmission similar to HBV (blood-borne)
	*HDV-HBV co-infection considered most severe variant of chronic viral hepatitis due to rapid progression to liver failure and HCC<ref>WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d</ref>		*HDV-HBV co-infection considered most severe variant of chronic viral hepatitis due to rapid progression to liver failure and HCC<ref>WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d</ref>
Line 7:		Line 7:
	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	*[[Acute hepatitis]], ranging from mild to fulminant hepatitis with [[acute liver failure]]		*[[Acute hepatitis]], ranging from mild to fulminant hepatitis with [[acute liver failure]]
	**Nausea/Vomiting		**[[Nausea/Vomiting]]
	**[[RUQ pain]]		**[[RUQ pain]]
	***Enlarged, tender liver		***[[hepatomegaly\|Enlarged]], tender liver
	**[[Fever]]		**[[Fever]]
	**[[Jaundice]], bilirubinuria		**[[Jaundice]], bilirubinuria
	*Chronic superinfection (HDV+HBV)		*Chronic superinfection (HDV+HBV)
	**Accelerates progression of chronic HBV to cirrhosis		**Accelerates progression of chronic HBV to [[cirrhosis]]

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
Line 27:		Line 27:
	**Elevated alk phosphatase		**Elevated alk phosphatase
	*INR		*INR
	**Coagulopathy		**[[liver disease induced coagulopathy\|Coagulopathy]]
	*Consider acetaminophen level		*Consider acetaminophen level
	*Acute hepatitis panel		*Acute hepatitis panel
Line 78:		Line 78:
	==Management==		==Management==
	*Acute management is supportive		*Acute management is supportive
	*Consider liver transplant consultation if approaching liver failure		*Consider liver transplant consultation if approaching [[liver failure]]
	*Outpatient treatment with [[Interferon-α]]		*Outpatient treatment with [[Interferon-α]]

ClaireLewis: Created page with "==Background== Enveloped RNA virus Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent hepatitis infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presenc..."

2019-08-18T14:34:27Z

Created page with "==Background== *Enveloped RNA virus *Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent hepatitis infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presenc..."

New page

==Background==
*Enveloped RNA virus
*Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent [[hepatitis]] infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presence of HBV for replication
*Rare in developed countries, transmission similar to HBV (blood-borne)
*HDV-HBV co-infection considered most severe variant of chronic viral hepatitis due to rapid progression to liver failure and HCC<ref>WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d</ref>

==Clinical Features==
*[[Acute hepatitis]], ranging from mild to fulminant hepatitis with [[acute liver failure]]
**Nausea/Vomiting
**[[RUQ pain]]
***Enlarged, tender liver
**[[Fever]]
**[[Jaundice]], bilirubinuria
*Chronic superinfection (HDV+HBV)
**Accelerates progression of chronic HBV to cirrhosis

==Differential Diagnosis==
{{Acute hepatitis causes}}

==Evaluation==
*High anti-HDV IgG/IgM titers plus confirmation with serum HDV RNA definitively diagnose, however not widely available<ref>WHO Fact Sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-d</ref>

===[[Acute Hepatitis]] Evaluation===
*[[LFTs]]
**AST, ALT > 1000s
**Elevated bilirubin
**Elevated alk phosphatase
*INR
**Coagulopathy
*Consider acetaminophen level
*Acute hepatitis panel
**Hep A Ab IgM
**Hep B cAb IgM
**Hep B sAg
**Hep B sAb
**Hep C Ab

{| class="wikitable"
! Anti-hepatitis A, IgM
! Hepatitis B surface antigen
! Anti-hepatitis B core, IgM
! Anti-hepatitis C
! Interpretation
|-
| Positive
| Negative
| Negative
| Negative
| Acute hepatitis A
|-
| Negative
| Positive
| Positive
| Negative
| Acute hepatitis B
|-
| Negative
| Positive
| Negative
| Negative
| Chronic hepatitis B infection
|-
| Negative
| Negative
| Positive
| Negative
| Acute hepatitis B; quantity of hepatitis B surface antigen is too low to detect
|-
| Negative
| Negative
| Negative
| Positive
| Acute or chronic hepatitis C; additional tests are required to make the determination
|}

==Management==
*Acute management is supportive
*Consider liver transplant consultation if approaching liver failure
*Outpatient treatment with [[Interferon-α]]

==Disposition==
*Consider admission for:
#Bilirubin > 20
#PT 50% above normal, INR >2
#[[Hypoglycemia]]
#Hypoalbuminemia
#Any [[GI bleeding]]
#Uncontrolled nausea/vomiting, pain
#Significant comorbidity, immunocompromised, elderly

==See Also==
*[[Hepatitis B]], [[viral hepatitis]]
*[[Acute Hepatitis]]

==External Links==

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:GI]]
[[Category:ID]]

Hepatitis D - Revision history

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

ClaireLewis at 21:07, 29 September 2019

ClaireLewis: Created page with "==Background== *Enveloped RNA virus *Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent hepatitis infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presenc..."

ClaireLewis: Created page with "==Background== Enveloped RNA virus Infection ''only'' occurs in patients with concurrent hepatitis infection (acute, chronic or carrier state), as virus requires presenc..."