Rift valley fever - Revision history

Rossdonaldson1: Rossdonaldson1 moved page Rift Valley Fever to Rift valley fever

2021-01-12T21:08:04Z

Rossdonaldson1 moved page Rift Valley Fever to Rift valley fever

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:08, 12 January 2021
(No difference)

Neil.m.young: Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation=="

2016-07-25T20:49:55Z

Text replacement - "==Diagnosis==" to "==Evaluation=="

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:49, 25 July 2016
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	{{Fever in Traveler DDX}}		{{Fever in Traveler DDX}}

	==~~Diagnosis~~==		==Evaluation==
	*Pursue other possible causes of fever		*Pursue other possible causes of fever
	*IgM ELISA, viral detection, and RT-PCR can be used to diagnose acute infection. IgG ELISA for previous infection.		*IgM ELISA, viral detection, and RT-PCR can be used to diagnose acute infection. IgG ELISA for previous infection.

Neil.m.young: /* Sources */

2016-06-26T14:36:34Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 26 June 2016
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	*[[Travel Medicine]]		*[[Travel Medicine]]

	==~~Sources~~==		==External Links==
	*http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs207/en/		*[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs207/en/ WHO - Rift Valley Fever]
	*http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/index.html		*[http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/index.html CDC - Rift Valley Fever]

			==References==
	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:ID]]		[[Category:ID]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Management */

2015-06-10T02:42:13Z

Management

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:42, 10 June 2015
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	==Management==		==Management==
	*Mild ~~disease syndromes require~~ no intervention ~~and are~~ self ~~limited~~		*Mild: requires no intervention (self limited_
	*~~No specific treatment exists for severe disease forms~~		*Severe
	**Supportive Care		**Supportive Care
	***Pain control		***Pain control
	****DO NOT use ASA in hemorrhagic form		****DO NOT use [[ASA]] in hemorrhagic form
	**[[IVFs]]		**[[IVFs]]
	**Blood Component [[Transfusion]] - consider in hemorrhagic shock		**Blood Component [[Transfusion]] - consider in hemorrhagic shock

			===Vaccines===
	*Inactivated vaccine has been developed for humans		*Inactivated vaccine has been developed for humans
	**Not licensed and not commercially available		**Not licensed and not commercially available

Rossdonaldson1: /* Workup */

2015-06-10T02:41:05Z

Workup

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:41, 10 June 2015
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	{{Fever in Traveler DDX}}		{{Fever in Traveler DDX}}

	==~~Workup~~==		==Diagnosis==
	*Pursue other possible causes of fever		*Pursue other possible causes of fever
	*IgM ELISA, viral detection, and RT-PCR can be used to diagnose acute infection. IgG ELISA for previous infection.		*IgM ELISA, viral detection, and RT-PCR can be used to diagnose acute infection. IgG ELISA for previous infection.

Rossdonaldson1: /* Clinical Features */

2015-06-10T02:40:49Z

Clinical Features

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:40, 10 June 2015
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	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	*Incubation period of 2-6 days		*Incubation period of 2-6 days
	*Several different disease syndromes		===Mild===
	**Mild ~~RVF~~		*No symptoms or flu-like illness (fever, myalgias, joint pain, headache)
	***No symptoms or flu-like illness (fever, myalgias, joint pain, headache)		*Early disease can be mistaken for meningitis with occasional neck stiffness and sensitivity to light
	***Early disease can be mistaken for meningitis with occasional neck stiffness and sensitivity to light		*Resolves within 1 week
	***Resolves within 1 week
	**Severe ~~RVF~~		===Severe===
	***Occular form- 0.5-2% of patients		*Occular form- 0.5-2% of patients
	****Mild disease form + retinal lesions, blurred and decreased vision		**Mild disease form + retinal lesions, blurred and decreased vision
	****Retinal lesions occur 1-3 weeks after disease onset and last 10-12 weeks		**Retinal lesions occur 1-3 weeks after disease onset and last 10-12 weeks
	****50% of patients with macular lesions will develop permanent vision loss		**50% of patients with macular lesions will develop permanent vision loss
	***Meningoencephalitis form- <1% of patients		*Meningoencephalitis form- <1% of patients
	****Severe headache, memory loss, hallucinations, confusion, vertigo, seizures, coma, and late neurological complications		**Severe headache, memory loss, hallucinations, confusion, vertigo, seizures, coma, and late neurological complications
	****Onset is 1-4 weeks after mild symptoms		**Onset is 1-4 weeks after mild symptoms
	****Residual severe neurological deficits are common		**Residual severe neurological deficits are common
	***Hemorrhagic fever form- <1% of patients		*Hemorrhagic fever form- <1% of patients
	****Jaundice is first sign due to liver dysfunction		**Jaundice is first sign due to liver dysfunction
	****Hemorrhage (vomit, stool, gums, menorrhagia), purpuric rash, echymosis		**Hemorrhage (vomit, stool, gums, menorrhagia), purpuric rash, echymosis
	****Onset is 2-4 days after illness, death in 3-6 days		**Onset is 2-4 days after illness, death in 3-6 days
	****Most fatalities from RVF, 50% fatality rate		**Most fatalities from RVF, 50% fatality rate

	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==

Rossdonaldson1: /* Sources */

2014-10-16T21:36:59Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:36, 16 October 2014
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	*http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/index.html		*http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/index.html
	<references/>		<references/>

			[[Category:ID]]

Rossdonaldson1: /* Differential Diagnosis */

2014-10-16T21:36:39Z

Differential Diagnosis

@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 ==Differential Diagnosis==
-===Fever in Traveler===
+{{Fever in Traveler DDX}}
 ==Workup==

Cchoff: Rift Valley Fever

2014-10-15T20:06:58Z

Rift Valley Fever

New page

==Background==
*Viral illness caused by RVF virus, a bunyaviridae
*Primarily infects domesticated animals; cattle, sheep, buffalo, etc.
*Outbreaks related to unusually heavy rainfall and flooding
*Found mostly in eastern and southern Africa where domesticated animals are raised
**Can be found in most of Africa
**Recent outbreaks in Saudi Arabia and Yemen (first outside African continent)
*Outbreaks cause major economic impact with livestock death

===Transmission===
*Mosquitos, most commonly Aedes, are a reservoir and vector for RVF virus
**Able to live with the virus and pass on to offspring, virus remains viable in eggs
**Bite livestock and humans to cause infection
**Increased rainfall increases mosquito numbers and is associated with outbreaks
*Humans are most commonly infected through direct contact of blood or other bodily fluids of infected livestock
**Slaughter, veterinary procedures, obstetrical procedures
*No documented human to human transmission
*Aerosolized transfer has occurred in laboratory settings

==Clinical Features==
*Incubation period of 2-6 days
*Several different disease syndromes
**Mild RVF
***No symptoms or flu-like illness (fever, myalgias, joint pain, headache)
***Early disease can be mistaken for meningitis with occasional neck stiffness and sensitivity to light
***Resolves within 1 week
**Severe RVF
***Occular form- 0.5-2% of patients
****Mild disease form + retinal lesions, blurred and decreased vision
****Retinal lesions occur 1-3 weeks after disease onset and last 10-12 weeks
****50% of patients with macular lesions will develop permanent vision loss
***Meningoencephalitis form- <1% of patients
****Severe headache, memory loss, hallucinations, confusion, vertigo, seizures, coma, and late neurological complications
****Onset is 1-4 weeks after mild symptoms
****Residual severe neurological deficits are common
***Hemorrhagic fever form- <1% of patients
****Jaundice is first sign due to liver dysfunction
****Hemorrhage (vomit, stool, gums, menorrhagia), purpuric rash, echymosis
****Onset is 2-4 days after illness, death in 3-6 days
****Most fatalities from RVF, 50% fatality rate

==Differential Diagnosis==
===Fever in Traveler===
*'''Normal causes of acute [[fever]]!'''
*[[Malaria]]
*[[Dengue]]
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*[[Typhoid Fever]]
*[[Typhus]]
*[[Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers]]
**[[Ebola]]
**[[Lassa fever]]
*[[Chikungunya]]
*[[Yellow fever]]
*[[Rift Valley Fever]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Meningitis]]- Early RVF can be hard to distinguish

==Workup==
*Pursue other possible causes of fever
*IgM ELISA, viral detection, and RT-PCR can be used to diagnose acute infection. IgG ELISA for previous infection.

==Management==
*Mild disease syndromes require no intervention and are self limited
*No specific treatment exists for severe disease forms
**Supportive Care
***Pain control
****DO NOT use ASA in hemorrhagic form
**[[IVFs]]
**Blood Component [[Transfusion]] - consider in hemorrhagic shock
*Inactivated vaccine has been developed for humans
**Not licensed and not commercially available
**Experimental use on veterinary and lab workers
*Approved vaccines for livestock

==Disposition==
*[[Isolation precautions]]: standard, contact, and consider droplet
*Admit if severe form suspected, likely ICU
**Consult ID
**Consult ophthalmology for ocular form

==See Also==
*[[Fever in Travelers]]
*[[Travel Medicine]]

==Sources==
*http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs207/en/
*http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/rvf/index.html
<references/>