Toxic megacolon - Revision history

Danbot: Add MedicationDose entry (hydrocortisone) with SMW annotations

2026-03-20T18:55:19Z

Add MedicationDose entry (hydrocortisone) with SMW annotations

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:55, 20 March 2026
Line 85:		Line 85:
	**Nasogastric (NG) Tube NOT effective in reducing colonic distention		**Nasogastric (NG) Tube NOT effective in reducing colonic distention



			==Medication Dosing==
			{{MedicationDose
			\| drug = Hydrocortisone
			\| dose = 100mg q6hr
			\| route = IV
			\| context = Anti-inflammatory for underlying IBD
			\| indication = Toxic megacolon
			\| population = Adult
			}}

	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

Ostermayer: Prepared the page for translation

2026-01-05T00:00:51Z

Prepared the page for translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:00, 5 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
			<languages/>
			<translate>

	==Background==		==Background==

	[[File:Diameters of the large intestine.png\|thumb\|Average inner diameters and ranges of different sections of the large intestine.<ref> Nguyen H, Loustaunau C, Facista A, Ramsey L, Hassounah N, Taylor H, et al. (July 2010). "Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in field defects during progression to colon cancer". Journal of Visualized Experiments (41). doi:10.3791/1931. PMC 3149991. PMID 20689513.</ref>]]		[[File:Diameters of the large intestine.png\|thumb\|Average inner diameters and ranges of different sections of the large intestine.<ref> Nguyen H, Loustaunau C, Facista A, Ramsey L, Hassounah N, Taylor H, et al. (July 2010). "Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in field defects during progression to colon cancer". Journal of Visualized Experiments (41). doi:10.3791/1931. PMC 3149991. PMID 20689513.</ref>]]
	*Colonic Dilation ≥6cm		*Colonic Dilation ≥6cm
	*Therapy: Fluids, Electrolyte Repletion, Steroids, Antibiotics, Surgical Consultation		*Therapy: Fluids, Electrolyte Repletion, Steroids, Antibiotics, Surgical Consultation
	*AVOID anticholingerics, anti-motility agents, opioids		*AVOID anticholingerics, anti-motility agents, opioids


	===Causes===		===Causes===
	*Most commonly IBD ([[Ulcerative Colitis]] >>> [[Crohn's disease]])
	*Bacterial ([[Salmonella]], [[Shigella]], [[Campylobacter]], [[C. Diff]], [[Yersinia]], [[E. Coli]])		*Most commonly IBD ([[Special:MyLanguage/Ulcerative Colitis\|Ulcerative Colitis]] >>> [[Special:MyLanguage/Crohn's disease\|Crohn's disease]])
	*Viral ([[CMV]], [[Rotavirus]])		*Bacterial ([[Special:MyLanguage/Salmonella\|Salmonella]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Shigella\|Shigella]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Campylobacter\|Campylobacter]], [[Special:MyLanguage/C. Diff\|C. Diff]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Yersinia\|Yersinia]], [[Special:MyLanguage/E. Coli\|E. Coli]])
	*Fungal/Protozoa ([[Aspergillus]], [[Entamoeba]], [[Cryptosporidium]])		*Viral ([[Special:MyLanguage/CMV\|CMV]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Rotavirus\|Rotavirus]])
	*Drugs (Anti-motility agents, [[anticholinergics]], [[opioids]])		*Fungal/Protozoa ([[Special:MyLanguage/Aspergillus\|Aspergillus]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Entamoeba\|Entamoeba]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Cryptosporidium\|Cryptosporidium]])
	*Less Common Causes (Ischemic [[Colitis]], Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)		*Drugs (Anti-motility agents, [[Special:MyLanguage/anticholinergics\|anticholinergics]], [[Special:MyLanguage/opioids\|opioids]])
	*Pediatric Population ([[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])		*Less Common Causes (Ischemic [[Special:MyLanguage/Colitis\|Colitis]], Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Special:MyLanguage/Kaposi's Sarcoma\|Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)
	*[[HIV]]/AIDS Population ([[CMV]], [[C. Diff]])		*Pediatric Population ([[Special:MyLanguage/Hirschsprung's Disease\|Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome\|Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/HIV\|HIV]]/AIDS Population ([[Special:MyLanguage/CMV\|CMV]], [[Special:MyLanguage/C. Diff\|C. Diff]])


	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
	*[[Abdominal Pain]] ± Distention
	*[[Fever]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Abdominal Pain\|Abdominal Pain]] ± Distention
	*[[Tachycardia]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Fever\|Fever]]
	*[[Diarrhea]], ± Bloody		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Tachycardia\|Tachycardia]]
	*[[Hypotension]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Diarrhea\|Diarrhea]], ± Bloody
	*[[Altered Mental Status]] (AMS)		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Hypotension\|Hypotension]]
	*[[Bowel perforation]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Altered Mental Status\|Altered Mental Status]] (AMS)
	**[[Peritonitis]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Bowel perforation\|Bowel perforation]]
	**[[Septicemia]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Peritonitis\|Peritonitis]]
			**[[Special:MyLanguage/Septicemia\|Septicemia]]


	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
	*[[Small bowel obstruction]]
	*[[Large bowel obstruction]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Small bowel obstruction\|Small bowel obstruction]]
	**[[Volvulus]], Neoplastic Disease, Paralytic [[ileus]], [[ogilvie's syndrome\|Pseudo-obstruction]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Large bowel obstruction\|Large bowel obstruction]]
	*[[Colitis]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Volvulus\|Volvulus]], Neoplastic Disease, Paralytic [[Special:MyLanguage/ileus\|ileus]], [[Special:MyLanguage/ogilvie's syndrome\|Pseudo-obstruction]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Colitis\|Colitis]]
	**Infectious, Inflammatory, Ischemic		**Infectious, Inflammatory, Ischemic


	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	[[File:Toxisches Megacolon bei Colitis ulcerosa.jpg\|thumb\|Toxic megacolon on [[KUB]]]]
			[[File:Toxisches Megacolon bei Colitis ulcerosa.jpg\|thumb\|Toxic megacolon on [[Special:MyLanguage/KUB\|KUB]]]]
	[[File:PMC2365454 ci08001303.png\|thumb\|CT with toxic megacolon showing submucosal edema and mucosal enhancement of the ascending and descending colon giving the appearance of the “target sign”.]]		[[File:PMC2365454 ci08001303.png\|thumb\|CT with toxic megacolon showing submucosal edema and mucosal enhancement of the ascending and descending colon giving the appearance of the “target sign”.]]
	[[File:MPX1359 synpic29148.png\|thumb\|CT showing is diffuse dilation of the colon with air and fluid levels present. There is diffuse wall thickening and enhancement in the rectosigmoid colon. The descending, transverse, and ascending colon are dilated to as much as 8.5cm. These features are consistent with a diagnosis of toxic megacolon.]]		[[File:MPX1359 synpic29148.png\|thumb\|CT showing is diffuse dilation of the colon with air and fluid levels present. There is diffuse wall thickening and enhancement in the rectosigmoid colon. The descending, transverse, and ascending colon are dilated to as much as 8.5cm. These features are consistent with a diagnosis of toxic megacolon.]]
	*[[Plain abdominal radiographs]]:		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Plain abdominal radiographs\|Plain abdominal radiographs]]:
	**Colonic Dilation ≥6 cm diameter		**Colonic Dilation ≥6 cm diameter
	**Loss of haustra, "thumb-printing" (bowel edema)		**Loss of haustra, "thumb-printing" (bowel edema)
Line 45:		Line 57:
	**Diameter ≥6cm with gaseous content		**Diameter ≥6cm with gaseous content
	*Labs:		*Labs:
	**[[Leukocytosis]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Leukocytosis\|Leukocytosis]]
	**[[Electrolyte derangements]]: [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Electrolyte derangements\|Electrolyte derangements]]: [[Special:MyLanguage/Hypokalemia\|Hypokalemia]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Hypomagnesemia\|Hypomagnesemia]]
	**Elevated ESR/CRP		**Elevated ESR/CRP
	**[[Anemia]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Anemia\|Anemia]]
	**[[Hypoalbuminemia]]		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Hypoalbuminemia\|Hypoalbuminemia]]


	==Management==		==Management==
	*[[Fluid resuscitation]]
	*IV [[corticosteroids]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Fluid resuscitation\|Fluid resuscitation]]
	**[[Hydrocortisone]] IV 100mg q6h		*IV [[Special:MyLanguage/corticosteroids\|corticosteroids]]
			**[[Special:MyLanguage/Hydrocortisone\|Hydrocortisone]] IV 100mg q6h
	*Triple Antibiotic Therapy		*Triple Antibiotic Therapy
	**[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Metronidazole]] 500mg IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Gentamicin]] 7mg/kg q24h or [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400mg IV q12h '''OR'''		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Ampicillin\|Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Special:MyLanguage/Metronidazole\|Metronidazole]] 500mg IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Special:MyLanguage/Gentamicin\|Gentamicin]] 7mg/kg q24h or [[Special:MyLanguage/Ciprofloxacin\|Ciprofloxacin]] 400mg IV q12h '''OR'''
	**[[Imipenem]] 500mg IV q6h		**[[Special:MyLanguage/Imipenem\|Imipenem]] 500mg IV q6h
	*[[Electrolyte repletion]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Electrolyte repletion\|Electrolyte repletion]]
	**Aggressively treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia because these can exacerbate dilation		**Aggressively treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia because these can exacerbate dilation
	*Emergent Surgical Consultation		*Emergent Surgical Consultation

	*Obtain blood cultures, stool cultures, C. Diff Toxin		*Obtain blood cultures, stool cultures, C. Diff Toxin
	*If known cause is C. Diff treat with [[Vancomycin]] or [[Metronidazole]]		*If known cause is C. Diff treat with [[Special:MyLanguage/Vancomycin\|Vancomycin]] or [[Special:MyLanguage/Metronidazole\|Metronidazole]]
	*If known cause is CMV can add Ganciclovir		*If known cause is CMV can add Ganciclovir

Line 70:		Line 84:
	**Sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) unhelpful		**Sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) unhelpful
	**Nasogastric (NG) Tube NOT effective in reducing colonic distention		**Nasogastric (NG) Tube NOT effective in reducing colonic distention


	==Disposition==		==Disposition==

	*Admit		*Admit


	==See Also==		==See Also==
	*[[Crohn's disease]]
	*[[Ulcerative Colitis]]		*[[Special:MyLanguage/Crohn's disease\|Crohn's disease]]
			*[[Special:MyLanguage/Ulcerative Colitis\|Ulcerative Colitis]]


	==References==		==References==

	<references/>		<references/>

	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]
	[[category:Surgery]]		[[category:Surgery]]
			</translate>

Rossdonaldson1: /* Background */

2025-09-24T21:02:26Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:02, 24 September 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	==Background==		==Background==
			[[File:Diameters of the large intestine.png\|thumb\|Average inner diameters and ranges of different sections of the large intestine.<ref> Nguyen H, Loustaunau C, Facista A, Ramsey L, Hassounah N, Taylor H, et al. (July 2010). "Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in field defects during progression to colon cancer". Journal of Visualized Experiments (41). doi:10.3791/1931. PMC 3149991. PMID 20689513.</ref>]]
	*Colonic Dilation ≥6cm		*Colonic Dilation ≥6cm
	*Therapy: Fluids, Electrolyte Repletion, Steroids, Antibiotics, Surgical Consultation		*Therapy: Fluids, Electrolyte Repletion, Steroids, Antibiotics, Surgical Consultation

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2021-10-07T22:33:23Z

Evaluation

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:33, 7 October 2021
Line 34:		Line 34:
	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	[[File:Toxisches Megacolon bei Colitis ulcerosa.jpg\|thumb\|Toxic megacolon on [[KUB]]]]		[[File:Toxisches Megacolon bei Colitis ulcerosa.jpg\|thumb\|Toxic megacolon on [[KUB]]]]
			[[File:PMC2365454 ci08001303.png\|thumb\|CT with toxic megacolon showing submucosal edema and mucosal enhancement of the ascending and descending colon giving the appearance of the “target sign”.]]
	[[File:MPX1359 synpic29148.png\|thumb\|CT showing is diffuse dilation of the colon with air and fluid levels present. There is diffuse wall thickening and enhancement in the rectosigmoid colon. The descending, transverse, and ascending colon are dilated to as much as 8.5cm. These features are consistent with a diagnosis of toxic megacolon.]]		[[File:MPX1359 synpic29148.png\|thumb\|CT showing is diffuse dilation of the colon with air and fluid levels present. There is diffuse wall thickening and enhancement in the rectosigmoid colon. The descending, transverse, and ascending colon are dilated to as much as 8.5cm. These features are consistent with a diagnosis of toxic megacolon.]]
	*[[Plain abdominal radiographs]]:		*[[Plain abdominal radiographs]]:

Rossdonaldson1: /* Evaluation */

2021-10-07T22:21:24Z

Evaluation

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:21, 7 October 2021
Line 34:		Line 34:
	==Evaluation==		==Evaluation==
	[[File:Toxisches Megacolon bei Colitis ulcerosa.jpg\|thumb\|Toxic megacolon on [[KUB]]]]		[[File:Toxisches Megacolon bei Colitis ulcerosa.jpg\|thumb\|Toxic megacolon on [[KUB]]]]
			[[File:MPX1359 synpic29148.png\|thumb\|CT showing is diffuse dilation of the colon with air and fluid levels present. There is diffuse wall thickening and enhancement in the rectosigmoid colon. The descending, transverse, and ascending colon are dilated to as much as 8.5cm. These features are consistent with a diagnosis of toxic megacolon.]]
	*[[Plain abdominal radiographs]]:		*[[Plain abdominal radiographs]]:
	**Colonic Dilation ≥6 cm diameter		**Colonic Dilation ≥6 cm diameter

Elcatracho: /* Causes */

2021-02-10T22:30:27Z

Causes

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:30, 10 February 2021
Line 12:		Line 12:
	*Less Common Causes (Ischemic [[Colitis]], Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)		*Less Common Causes (Ischemic [[Colitis]], Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)
	*Pediatric Population ([[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])		*Pediatric Population ([[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])
	*[[HIV]]/AIDS Population (CMV, C. Diff))		*[[HIV]]/AIDS Population ([[CMV]], [[C. Diff]])

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==

Elcatracho: /* Causes */

2021-02-10T22:29:45Z

Causes

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:29, 10 February 2021
Line 12:		Line 12:
	*Less Common Causes (Ischemic [[Colitis]], Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)		*Less Common Causes (Ischemic [[Colitis]], Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)
	*Pediatric Population ([[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])		*Pediatric Population ([[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])
	*[[HIV[[/AIDS Population (CMV, C. Diff))		*[[HIV]]/AIDS Population (CMV, C. Diff))

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==

ClaireLewis at 04:22, 30 September 2019

2019-09-30T04:22:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:22, 30 September 2019
Line 6:		Line 6:
	===Causes===		===Causes===
	*Most commonly IBD ([[Ulcerative Colitis]] >>> [[Crohn's disease]])		*Most commonly IBD ([[Ulcerative Colitis]] >>> [[Crohn's disease]])
	*Bacterial (Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, C. Diff, ~~Yersnia~~, E. Coli)		*Bacterial ([[Salmonella]], [[Shigella]], [[Campylobacter]], [[C. Diff]], [[Yersinia]], [[E. Coli]])
	*Viral (CMV, [[Rotavirus]])		*Viral ([[CMV]], [[Rotavirus]])
	*Fungal/Protozoa (Aspergillus, Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium)		*Fungal/Protozoa ([[Aspergillus]], [[Entamoeba]], [[Cryptosporidium]])
	*Drugs (Anti-motility agents, anticholinergics, opioids)		*Drugs (Anti-motility agents, [[anticholinergics]], [[opioids]])
	*Less Common Causes (Ischemic Colitis, Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)		*Less Common Causes (Ischemic [[Colitis]], Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)
	*Pediatric Population ([[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])		*Pediatric Population ([[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])
	*HIV/AIDS Population (CMV, C. Diff))		*[[HIV[[/AIDS Population (CMV, C. Diff))

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
Line 19:		Line 19:
	*[[Tachycardia]]		*[[Tachycardia]]
	*[[Diarrhea]], ± Bloody		*[[Diarrhea]], ± Bloody
	*Hypotension		*[[Hypotension]]
	*Altered Mental Status (AMS)		*[[Altered Mental Status]] (AMS)
	*[[Bowel perforation]]		*[[Bowel perforation]]
	**[[Peritonitis]]		**[[Peritonitis]]
Line 27:		Line 27:
	==Differential Diagnosis==		==Differential Diagnosis==
	*[[Small bowel obstruction]]		*[[Small bowel obstruction]]
	*[[Large ~~Bowel Obstruction~~]]		*[[Large bowel obstruction]]
	**Volvulus, Neoplastic Disease, Paralytic ileus, Pseudo-obstruction		**[[Volvulus]], Neoplastic Disease, Paralytic [[ileus]], [[ogilvie's syndrome\|Pseudo-obstruction]]
	*Colitis		*[[Colitis]]
	**Infectious, Inflammatory, Ischemic		**Infectious, Inflammatory, Ischemic

Line 38:		Line 38:
	**Loss of haustra, "thumb-printing" (bowel edema)		**Loss of haustra, "thumb-printing" (bowel edema)
	**Air-fluid levels		**Air-fluid levels
			*[[Ultrasound: Abdomen\|Abdominal Ultrasound]]:
	*Abdominal Ultrasound:
	**Thin colonic walls with loss of haustra coli		**Thin colonic walls with loss of haustra coli
	**Diameter ≥6cm with gaseous content		**Diameter ≥6cm with gaseous content

	*Labs:		*Labs:
	**Leukocytosis		**[[Leukocytosis]]
	**Electrolyte ~~disturbances~~: Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia		**[[Electrolyte derangements]]: [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]]
	**Elevated ESR/CRP		**Elevated ESR/CRP
	**Anemia		**[[Anemia]]
	**Hypoalbuminemia		**[[Hypoalbuminemia]]

	==Management==		==Management==
	*Fluid ~~Resuscitation~~		*[[Fluid resuscitation]]
	*IV [[corticosteroids]]		*IV [[corticosteroids]]
	**Hydrocortisone IV 100mg q6h		**[[Hydrocortisone]] IV 100mg q6h
	*Triple Antibiotic Therapy		*Triple Antibiotic Therapy
	**[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Metronidazole]] 500mg IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Gentamicin]] 7mg/kg q24h or [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400mg IV q12h '''OR'''		**[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Metronidazole]] 500mg IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Gentamicin]] 7mg/kg q24h or [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400mg IV q12h '''OR'''
	**[[Imipenem]] 500mg IV q6h		**[[Imipenem]] 500mg IV q6h
	*Electrolyte ~~Repletion~~		*[[Electrolyte repletion]]
	**Aggressively treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia because these can exacerbate dilation		**Aggressively treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia because these can exacerbate dilation
	*Emergent Surgical Consultation		*Emergent Surgical Consultation
Line 81:		Line 79:

	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]
			[[category:Surgery]]

Mholtz at 06:45, 7 July 2017

2017-07-07T06:45:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:45, 7 July 2017
Line 5:		Line 5:

	===Causes===		===Causes===
	*Most commonly IBD		*Most commonly IBD ([[Ulcerative Colitis]] >>> [[Crohn's disease]])
	**[[Ulcerative Colitis]] >>> [[Crohn's disease]]		*Bacterial (Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, C. Diff, Yersnia, E. Coli)
	*Bacterial		*Viral (CMV, [[Rotavirus]])
	**Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, C. Diff, Yersnia, E. Coli		*Fungal/Protozoa (Aspergillus, Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium)
	*Viral		*Drugs (Anti-motility agents, anticholinergics, opioids)
	**CMV, [[Rotavirus]]		*Less Common Causes (Ischemic Colitis, Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy)
	*Fungal/Protozoa		*Pediatric Population ([[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]])
	**Aspergillus, Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium		*HIV/AIDS Population (CMV, C. Diff))
	*Drugs
	**Anti-motility agents, anticholinergics, opioids
	*Less Common Causes
	**Ischemic Colitis, Collagenous Colitis, Obstructive Colorectal Cancer, Colonic Lymphoma, [[Kaposi's Sarcoma]], Chemotherapy
	*Pediatric Population
	**[[Hirschsprung's Disease]], [[Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome]] ~~(HUS~~)
	*HIV/AIDS Population
	**CMV, C. Diff

	==Clinical Features==		==Clinical Features==
Line 63:		Line 55:
	**Hydrocortisone IV 100mg q6h		**Hydrocortisone IV 100mg q6h
	*Triple Antibiotic Therapy		*Triple Antibiotic Therapy
	**[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q6h PLUS [[Metronidazole]] 500mg IV q6h PLUS [[Gentamicin]] 7mg/kg q24h or [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400mg IV q12h		**[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Metronidazole]] 500mg IV q6h '''PLUS''' [[Gentamicin]] 7mg/kg q24h or [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400mg IV q12h '''OR'''
	**'''OR''' [[Imipenem]] 500mg IV q6h		**[[Imipenem]] 500mg IV q6h
	*Electrolyte Repletion		*Electrolyte Repletion
	**Aggressively treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia because these can exacerbate dilation		**Aggressively treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia because these can exacerbate dilation
Line 86:		Line 78:

	==References==		==References==
	*Autenrieth, Daniel M., and Daniel C. Baumgart. "Toxic Megacolon." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 18.3 (2012): 584-91.		<references/>
	*Rosen, Peter, and John A. Marx. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2014.

	[[Category:GI]]		[[Category:GI]]

Mholtz: Text replacement - "OR" to "'''OR'''"

2017-05-30T20:47:13Z

Text replacement - "OR" to "'''OR'''"

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:47, 30 May 2017
Line 64:		Line 64:
	*Triple Antibiotic Therapy		*Triple Antibiotic Therapy
	**[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q6h PLUS [[Metronidazole]] 500mg IV q6h PLUS [[Gentamicin]] 7mg/kg q24h or [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400mg IV q12h		**[[Ampicillin]] 2 g IV q6h PLUS [[Metronidazole]] 500mg IV q6h PLUS [[Gentamicin]] 7mg/kg q24h or [[Ciprofloxacin]] 400mg IV q12h
	**OR [[Imipenem]] 500mg IV q6h		**'''OR''' [[Imipenem]] 500mg IV q6h
	*Electrolyte Repletion		*Electrolyte Repletion
	**Aggressively treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia because these can exacerbate dilation		**Aggressively treat hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia because these can exacerbate dilation