Vitamin D deficiency: Difference between revisions
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==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
*Inadequate intake | *Inadequate intake | ||
**Dietary sources such as fortified foods and supplements are the mainstay of vitamin D intake | |||
**Foods rich in vitamin D include fatty fish, egg yolks, fish liver oil, and some mushrooms | |||
*Inadequate sunlight exposure | *Inadequate sunlight exposure | ||
**Synthesis of vitamin D occurs in the skin through exposure to ultraviolet B radiation from sunlight | |||
**Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency include darker skin pigmentation, prolong winter season, living at higher latitudes, skin coverage | |||
*Disorders limiting vitamin D absorption | *Disorders limiting vitamin D absorption | ||
**[[Crohn's disease]] | |||
**[[Cystic fibrosis]] | |||
*Conditions preventing vitamin D conversion into active metabolites (i.e. [[Renal Failure]]) | *Conditions preventing vitamin D conversion into active metabolites (i.e. [[Renal Failure]]) | ||
Revision as of 23:01, 12 January 2017
Background
- AKA: Hypovitaminosis D
- Vitamin D
- Lipid soluble
- Acts as a hormone to:
- Stimulate intestinal calcium absorption
- Maintain adequate phosphate levels for bone development
- Regulate cell growth proliferation and apoptosis
- Modulate the immune system
- Deficiency leads to impaired bone mineralization and disease such as:
- Rickets in children
- Osteomalacia and Osteoporosis in adults
Etiology
- Inadequate intake
- Dietary sources such as fortified foods and supplements are the mainstay of vitamin D intake
- Foods rich in vitamin D include fatty fish, egg yolks, fish liver oil, and some mushrooms
- Inadequate sunlight exposure
- Synthesis of vitamin D occurs in the skin through exposure to ultraviolet B radiation from sunlight
- Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency include darker skin pigmentation, prolong winter season, living at higher latitudes, skin coverage
- Disorders limiting vitamin D absorption
- Conditions preventing vitamin D conversion into active metabolites (i.e. Renal Failure)