Cocaine: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:35, 16 March 2018

This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see cocaine toxicity

Administration

Type: Local anesthetic
Dosage Forms: 4% solution; 10% solution
Routes of Administration: Topical
Common Trade Names: Cocaine

Adult Dosing

1-3 mg/kg, max dose of 200 mg
- Some literature suggests maximum dose of 100 mg
- Ideally use lowest effective dose

Pediatric Dosing

1 mg/kg
- No clear safe dose established

Special Populations

Pregnancy Rating: Category C
Lactation risk: Infant risk has been demonstrated

Renal Dosing

Adult: N/A
Pediatric: N/A

Hepatic Dosing

Adult: N/A
Pediatric: N/A

Contraindications

Allergy to class/drug

Adverse Reactions

Cocaine-associated chest pain
Sympathomimetic qualities
- Tachycardia
- Fever
- Agitation
- Diaphoresis

Pharmacology

Half-life: 50 to 75 minutes (5.5 hours benzoylecgonine metabolite)
Metabolism: Plasma cholinesterase; liver
Excretion: Renal

Mechanism of Action

Blocks reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine
Anesthetic effects achieved through sodium channel blockade

Comments

References

Micromedex

Authors:

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ''This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see [[cocaine toxicity]]''
 ==Administration==
-*Type:
+*Type: Local anesthetic
-*Dosage Forms:
+*Dosage Forms: 4% solution; 10% solution
-*Routes of Administration:
+*Routes of Administration: Topical
-*Common Trade Names:
+*Common Trade Names: Cocaine
 ==Adult Dosing==
+*1-3 mg/kg, max dose of 200 mg
+**Some literature suggests maximum dose of 100 mg
+**Ideally use lowest effective dose
 ==Pediatric Dosing==
+*1 mg/kg
+**No clear safe dose established
 ==Special Populations==
-*[[Drug pregnancy categories|Pregnancy Rating]]:
+*[[Drug pregnancy categories|Pregnancy Rating]]: Category C
-*Lactation risk:
+*Lactation risk: Infant risk has been demonstrated
 ===Renal Dosing===
-*Adult:
+*Adult: N/A
-*Pediatric:
+*Pediatric: N/A
 ===Hepatic Dosing===
-*Adult:
+*Adult: N/A
-*Pediatric:
+*Pediatric: N/A
 ==Contraindications==
@@ Line 26: / Line 29: @@
 ==Adverse Reactions==
-*Acute
+*[[Cocaine-associated chest pain]]
-**[[Cocaine-associated chest pain]]
+*Sympathomimetic qualities
-**Sympathomimetic qualities
+**Tachycardia
-***Tachycardia
+**Fever
-***Fever
+**Agitation
-***Agitation
+**Diaphoresis
-***Diaphoresis
-**Pulmonary Complications:
-***"Crack lung"<ref>Forrester, J. M., Steele, A. W., Waldron, J. A. and Parsons, P. E. (1990) ‘Crack Lung: An Acute Pulmonary Syndrome with a Spectrum of Clinical and Histopathologic Findings’, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 142(2), pp. 462–467. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/142.2.462.</ref>
-***Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage<ref>Ettinger, N. A. and Albin, R. J. (1989) ‘A review of the respiratory effects of smoking cocaine’, The American Journal of Medicine, 87(6), pp. 664–668. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(89)80401-2.</ref>
-***[[ARDS]]
-***Acute eosinophilic pneumonia
-***[[Pneumothorax]]
-***[[Pneumomediastinum]]
-***Thermal epiglottitis - hot cocaine
-*Chronic
-**Atherosclerosis
-**Cardiomyopathy
-**Nasal Septum damage
-**Up to 70% of US cocaine tainted with [[levamisole]], potentially leading to [[neutropenia]], [[vasculitis]]
 ==Pharmacology==
-*Half-life:
+*Half-life: 50 to 75 minutes (5.5 hours benzoylecgonine metabolite)
-*Metabolism:
+*Metabolism: Plasma cholinesterase; liver
-*Excretion:
+*Excretion: Renal
 ==Mechanism of Action==
@@ Line 61: / Line 49: @@
 ==See Also==
+*[[Cocaine toxicity]]
 ==References==
+Micromedex
 <references/>
 [[Category:Pharmacology]]
-==See Also==
-*[[Sympathomimetic toxicity]]
-*[[Cocaine toxicity]]
-*[[Cocaine Chest Pain]]
-*[[Cocaine Withdrawal]]
-*[[Levamisole toxicity]]
-[[Category:Toxicology]]
-[[Category:Pharmacology]]
-==References==
-<references/>