Marine toxins, envenomations, and bites: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | |||
===Mechanism=== | |||
*Punctures skin to introduce venom | |||
*Generally local symptoms without systemic effects | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Symptoms=== | |||
*Vary with species | |||
*Generally local pain | |||
*Systemic symptoms can include vomiting, hypotension, muscle cramps, paralysis, cardiac arrest | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | |||
#Toxins | #Toxins | ||
##[[Scombroid]] | ##[[Scombroid]] | ||
| Line 17: | Line 29: | ||
##[[Octopus Bites | Octopus]] | ##[[Octopus Bites | Octopus]] | ||
==Treatment== | |||
*Supportive | |||
*If visible remove spines and stinger | |||
*'''Immediately immerse wound in hot water (45°C for 30-90min)''' | |||
*Clean area | |||
*Tetanus prophylaxis | |||
*Antivenom exists for stonefish toxicity | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
*Auerbach PS. Marine envenomations. N Engl J Med. 1991. | *Auerbach PS. Marine envenomations. N Engl J Med. 1991. | ||
*Atkinson PRT. Is hot water immersion an effective treatment for marine envenomation? Emergency Medicine Journal. 2006;23(7):503–508. doi:10.1136/emj.2005.028456. | |||
[[Category:Tox]][[category:Environ]] | [[Category:Tox]][[category:Environ]] | ||
Revision as of 20:29, 24 October 2014
Background
Mechanism
- Punctures skin to introduce venom
- Generally local symptoms without systemic effects
Diagnosis
Symptoms
- Vary with species
- Generally local pain
- Systemic symptoms can include vomiting, hypotension, muscle cramps, paralysis, cardiac arrest
Differential Diagnosis
- Toxins
- Stingers
- Stingrays
- Venomous fish (catfish, zebrafish, scorpion fish, stonefish)
- Sea urchins
- cone shells
- Nematocysts
- Jellyfish (Cnidaria)
- Portuguese man-of-war
- Corals
- Fire Corals
- Sea anemones
- Sea wasps
- Bites
Treatment
- Supportive
- If visible remove spines and stinger
- Immediately immerse wound in hot water (45°C for 30-90min)
- Clean area
- Tetanus prophylaxis
- Antivenom exists for stonefish toxicity
Sources
- Auerbach PS. Marine envenomations. N Engl J Med. 1991.
- Atkinson PRT. Is hot water immersion an effective treatment for marine envenomation? Emergency Medicine Journal. 2006;23(7):503–508. doi:10.1136/emj.2005.028456.