Vestibular neuritis: Difference between revisions
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''Some sources consider vestibular neuritis and [[labyrinthitis]] to be the same thing (some differentiate based on auditory symptoms)'' | ''Some sources consider vestibular neuritis and [[labyrinthitis]] to be the same thing (some differentiate based on auditory symptoms)'' | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Also known as vestibular neuronitis | |||
*Benign, self-limited disorder associated with complete recovery in most patients | *Benign, self-limited disorder associated with complete recovery in most patients | ||
**Must distinguish from acute vascular lesions of the CNS | **Must distinguish from acute vascular lesions of the CNS | ||
*Pathophysiology | *Pathophysiology | ||
**May be viral or postviral inflammatory disorder affecting vestibular portion of CN VIII | **May be [[viruses|viral]] or postviral inflammatory disorder affecting vestibular portion of CN VIII | ||
*May differentiate from [[labyrinthitis]] which technically should have hearing loss | |||
*Prevalence peaks at 40-50 years of age | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Acute, rapid onset of severe vertigo with nausea/vomiting and gait instability | *Acute, rapid onset of severe [[vertigo]] with [[nausea/vomiting]] and gait instability | ||
*Nystagmus | *[[Nystagmus]] | ||
**Unilateral, horizontal or horizontal-torsional that is suppressed with visual fixation | **Unilateral, horizontal or horizontal-torsional that is suppressed with visual fixation | ||
**Does not change direction with gaze | **Does not change direction with gaze | ||
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==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
*Cerebellum lesion | *Cerebellum lesion | ||
**Nystagmus | **[[Nystagmus]] | ||
***Not suppressed with visual fixation | ***Not suppressed with visual fixation | ||
***May be other than horizontal or horizontal-torsional | ***May be other than horizontal or horizontal-torsional | ||
***May change direction with gaze | ***May change direction with gaze | ||
**Ataxia | **[[Ataxia]] | ||
**Patient may have limb dysmetria, dysarthria, or headache | **Patient may have limb dysmetria, dysarthria, or headache | ||
**Head impulse test usually normal | **Head impulse test usually normal | ||
*Brainstem infarction | *Brainstem infarction | ||
**Usually associated with other symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medulla infarct) | **Usually associated with other symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medulla infarct) | ||
***Ipsilateral Horner's, loss of corneal reflex, dysphagia, contralateral loss of pain/temp | ***Ipsilateral [[horner's syndrome|Horner's]], loss of corneal reflex, [[dysphagia]], contralateral [[numbness|loss of pain]]/temp | ||
{{Vertigo DDX}} | |||
==Evaluation== | |||
*See [[vertigo]] | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:18, 1 June 2022
Some sources consider vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis to be the same thing (some differentiate based on auditory symptoms)
Background
- Also known as vestibular neuronitis
- Benign, self-limited disorder associated with complete recovery in most patients
- Must distinguish from acute vascular lesions of the CNS
- Pathophysiology
- May be viral or postviral inflammatory disorder affecting vestibular portion of CN VIII
- May differentiate from labyrinthitis which technically should have hearing loss
- Prevalence peaks at 40-50 years of age
Clinical Features
- Acute, rapid onset of severe vertigo with nausea/vomiting and gait instability
- Nystagmus
- Unilateral, horizontal or horizontal-torsional that is suppressed with visual fixation
- Does not change direction with gaze
- Unlike BPPV and Meniere lasts several days and does not recur
Differential Diagnosis
- Cerebellum lesion
- Brainstem infarction
- Usually associated with other symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medulla infarct)
- Ipsilateral Horner's, loss of corneal reflex, dysphagia, contralateral loss of pain/temp
- Usually associated with other symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medulla infarct)
Vertigo
- Vestibular/otologic
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
- Traumatic (following head injury)
- Infection
- Ménière's disease
- Ear foreign body
- Otic barotrauma
- Otosclerosis
- Neurologic
- Cerebellar stroke
- Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
- Lateral Wallenberg syndrome
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome
- Neoplastic: cerebellopontine angle tumors
- Basal ganglion diseases
- Vertebral Artery Dissection
- Multiple sclerosis
- Infections: neurosyphilis, tuberculosis
- Epilepsy
- Migraine (basilar)
- Other
- Hematologic: anemia, polycythemia, hyperviscosity syndrome
- Toxic
- Chronic renal failure
- Metabolic
Evaluation
- See vertigo
Management
- Treat associated vertigo symptomatically