Chikungunya: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
* Aedes mosquito transmitted virus, originally found in West Africa but cases in the Americas beginning in 2013 | *Aedes mosquito transmitted virus, originally found in West Africa but cases in the Americas beginning in 2013 | ||
*Frequently difficult clinically to differentiate from [[dengue]] fever | *Frequently difficult clinically to differentiate from [[dengue]] fever | ||
* | *"Chikungunya" is a Tanzanian derived word meaning “that which bends up”<ref>Burt FJ, Rolph MS, Rulli NE, et al. Chikungunya: a re-emerging virus. Lancet. 2012;379:662-671</ref> | ||
===Geographic Distribution=== | ===Geographic Distribution=== | ||
[[File:CHIKWorldMap-102114.jpg|thumbnail|Chikungunya geographic distribution]] | [[File:CHIKWorldMap-102114.jpg|thumbnail|Chikungunya geographic distribution]] | ||
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===Acute=== | ===Acute=== | ||
[[File:Chikungunya right foot.jpeg|thumbnail|Chikungunya rash on foot2]] | [[File:Chikungunya right foot.jpeg|thumbnail|Chikungunya rash on foot2]] | ||
* [[Fever]] typically greater than 39deg | *[[Fever]] typically greater than 39deg | ||
* Polyarthralgias, bilateral and symmetrical | *Polyarthralgias, bilateral and symmetrical | ||
* [[Rash]]- maculopapular | *[[Rash]]- maculopapular | ||
* Myalgias | *Myalgias | ||
* [[Nausea and vomiting]] | *[[Nausea and vomiting]] | ||
* Lymphocytopenia | *Lymphocytopenia | ||
* Elevated LFTs | *Elevated LFTs | ||
* AKI | *AKI | ||
* 3-7d incubation period | *3-7d incubation period | ||
*Possible "saddle-back fever" | *Possible "saddle-back fever" | ||
**Febrile again 1-2 days after afebrile period | **Febrile again 1-2 days after afebrile period | ||
| Line 110: | Line 110: | ||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
{{Fever in Traveler DDX}} | {{Fever in Traveler DDX}} | ||
{{Travel Skin Conditions DDX}} | |||
{{Maculopapular rash DDX}} | |||
==Evaluation== | |||
*CBC w diff, Cr, LFTs | |||
*contact CDC for specialized testing; recommends tiger top tube | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Symptomatic treatment: acute symptoms usually resolve in 7-10d | Symptomatic treatment: acute symptoms usually resolve in 7-10d | ||
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==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Tropical Medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:17, 17 August 2022
Background
- Aedes mosquito transmitted virus, originally found in West Africa but cases in the Americas beginning in 2013
- Frequently difficult clinically to differentiate from dengue fever
- "Chikungunya" is a Tanzanian derived word meaning “that which bends up”[1]
Geographic Distribution
Countries and territories where chikungunya cases have been reported (as of 10/2014):
| AFRICA | OCEANIA/PACIFIC ISLANDS | AMERICAS |
| Benin | American Samoa | Anguilla |
| Burundi | Federal States of Micronesia | Antigua and Barbuda |
| Cameroon | New Caledonia | Aruba |
| Central African Republic | Papua New Guinea | Bahamas |
| Comoros | Tonga | Barbados |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | ASIA | Brazil |
| Equatorial Guinea | Bangladesh | British Virgin Islands |
| Gabon | Bhutan | Cayman Islands |
| Guinea | Cambodia | Colombia |
| Kenya | China | Costa Rica |
| Madagascar | India | Curacao |
| Malawi | Indonesia | Dominica |
| Mauritius | Laos | Dominican Republic |
| Mayotte | Malaysia | El Salvador |
| Nigeria | Maldives | French Guiana |
| Republic of Congo | Myanmar (Burma) | Grenada |
| Reunion | Pakistan | Guadeloupe |
| Senegal | Philippines | Guatemala |
| Seychelles | Saudi Arabia | Guyana |
| Sierra Leone | Singapore | Haiti |
| South Africa | Sri Lanka | Jamaica |
| Sudan | Taiwan | Martinique |
| Tanzania | Thailand | Montserrat |
| Uganda | Timor | Nicaragua |
| Zimbabwe | Vietnam | Panama |
| EUROPE | Yemen | Puerto Rico |
| Italy | Saint Barthelemy | |
| France | Saint Kitts and Nevis | |
| Saint Martin | ||
| Sint Maarten | ||
| Saint Lucia | ||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | ||
| Suriname | ||
| Trinidad and Tobago | ||
| Turks and Caicos Islands | ||
| United States | ||
| US Virgin Islands | ||
| Venezuela |
Clinical Features
Acute
- Fever typically greater than 39deg
- Polyarthralgias, bilateral and symmetrical
- Rash- maculopapular
- Myalgias
- Nausea and vomiting
- Lymphocytopenia
- Elevated LFTs
- AKI
- 3-7d incubation period
- Possible "saddle-back fever"
- Febrile again 1-2 days after afebrile period
- Afebrile period typically 4-10 days
Chronic
- May cause long-term symptoms, with long-term musculoskeletal pain from months to years post infection[2]
Differential Diagnosis
Fever in traveler
- Normal causes of acute fever!
- Malaria
- Dengue
- Leptospirosis
- Typhoid fever
- Typhus
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers
- Chikungunya
- Yellow fever
- Rift valley fever
- Q fever
- Amebiasis
- Zika virus
- Papules
- Insect bites
- Scabies
- Seabather's eruption
- Cercarial dermatitis (Swimmer's Itch)
- Macular
- Sub Q Swelling and Nodules
- Ulcers
- Tropical pyoderma
- Leishmaniasis
- Mycobacterium marinum
- Buruli ulcer
- Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm disease)
- Linear and Migratory Lesions
- Cutaneous larvae migrans
- Photodermatitis
See also domestic U.S. ectoparasites
Maculopapular rashes
- Infectious
- Noninfectious
Evaluation
- CBC w diff, Cr, LFTs
- contact CDC for specialized testing; recommends tiger top tube
Management
Symptomatic treatment: acute symptoms usually resolve in 7-10d
Disposition
- Normally able to be treated as outpatient, unless complication