In-training exam review: Difference between revisions
 
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| Most specific sign in acute [[CHF]]?||S3
| Most specific sign in acute [[CHF]]?||S3
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| Most common '''sign''' in [[myocarditis]]?||[[Tachycardia]]
|-
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| Joules for [[synchronized cardioversion]]? (with biphasic)||Narrow regular(eg [[SVT]]): 50-100 J
| Joules for [[synchronized cardioversion]]? (with biphasic)||Narrow regular(eg [[SVT]]): 50-100 J
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| Joules for [[defibrillation]]?||120-200 J
| Joules for [[defibrillation]]?||120-200 J
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| Joules for [[PALS|pediatric]] cardioversion and defibrillation?||[[Cardioversion]]: 0.5 J/kg, repeat with 1 J/kg if unsuccessful
[[Defibrillation]]: 2 J/kg, repeat with 4 J/kg if unsuccessful
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| Most common cause of [[Pacemaker complication|pacemaker failure]] to pace?||Oversensing
| Most common cause of [[Pacemaker complication|pacemaker failure]] to pace?||Oversensing
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| [[Heart transplant complications|Cardiac transplant]] patient with bradycardia. Which drug will NOT work?||[[Atropine]] due to denervation of heart during transplantation
| [[Heart transplant complications|Cardiac transplant]] patient with bradycardia. Which drug will NOT work?||[[Atropine]] due to denervation of heart during transplantation
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| Bidirectional [[ventricular tachycardia]]?||[[Digoxin toxicity]]
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| How many blood cultures are needed to diagnose [[endocarditis]]?||3 separate sets
|}
|}


===Dermatology===
===Dermatology===
===Endocrine===
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Question'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Answer'''
|-
| What are the doses for dextrose in pediatric patients? ||5ml/kg of D10 if <1yo
2ml/kg of D25 if 1-8yo
1ml/kg of D50 if >8yo
Formula: ml/kg x concentration = 50
|}
===Environmental===
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Question'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Answer'''
|-
| Which blood count is used for prognostication in [[acute radiation syndrome]]?||Absolute lymphocyte count
|}


===GI===
===GI===
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| Most common organism in [[otitis media]]?||[[Strep pneumo]]
| Most common organism in [[otitis media]]?||[[Strep pneumo]]
|-
| Toddler presents with perioral electrical burns after chewing on a cable. What complication is he/she at risk for?||Delayed labial artery bleeding (5-21 days after injury)
|}
|}


===Infectious Disease===
===Infectious Disease===
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Question'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Answer'''
|-
| Patient with arthralgias and pustule on hand. Diagnosis?||Disseminated [[gonorrhea]]
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| What organism needs to be covered for prophylaxis for a puncture wound through a tennis shoe?||[[Pseudomonas]], treat with [[ciprofloxacin]]
|-
| Prophylaxis for close contacts of patient with meningococcal [[meningitis]]?||[[Rifampin]]
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| Diagnosis and treatment for patient with fever and target rash in the NE United States?||[[Lyme disease]] and [[doxycycline]]
|}


===Neurology===
===Neurology===
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Question'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Answer'''
|-
| BP goal for acute [[ischemic stroke]]?||<220/120mmHg if not a tPA candidate, <180/105mmHg if giving tPA
|}


===OB/GYN===
===OB/GYN===
===Pediatrics===
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Question'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Answer'''
|-
| Formula for low end of normal systolic blood pressure?||70 mmHg + (age in years x 2) mmHg
|}


===Pulmonary===
===Pulmonary===


===Toxicology===
===Toxicology===
See also: [[Antidotes]]
{| {{table}}
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Question'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Question'''
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| Lab findings and treatment for [[ethanol toxicity]]?||[[Toxic alcohols|+ osmolar gap, + anion gap (if ketoacidosis), supportive care]]
| Lab findings and treatment for [[ethanol toxicity]]?||[[Toxic alcohols|+ osmolar gap, + anion gap (if ketoacidosis), supportive care]]
|-
|-
| Lab findings and treatment for [[methanol toxicity]]?||[[Toxic alcohols|+ osmolar, + anion gap, fomepizole, thiamine, pyridoxine, +/- dialysis]]
| Lab findings and treatment for [[methanol toxicity]]?||[[Toxic alcohols|+ osmolar, + anion gap, fomepizole, folinic acid, +/- dialysis]]
|-
|-
| Lab findings and treatment for [[ethylene glycol toxicity]]?||[[Toxic alcohols|+ osmolar, + anion gap, fomepizole, folinic acid, +/- dialysis]]
| Lab findings and treatment for [[ethylene glycol toxicity]]?||[[Toxic alcohols|+ osmolar, + anion gap, fomepizole, thiamine, pyridoxine, +/- dialysis]]
|-
|-
| Lab findings and treatment for [[isopropyl alcohol toxicity]]?||[[Toxic alcohols|+ osmolar gap, - anion gap, supportive care]]
| Lab findings and treatment for [[isopropyl alcohol toxicity]]?||[[Toxic alcohols|+ osmolar gap, - anion gap, supportive care]]
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| Mnemonic for common dialyzable toxins?||[[Dialyzable drugs|BLISTMED and ISTUMBLED]]
| Mnemonic for common dialyzable toxins?||[[Dialyzable drugs|BLISTMED and ISTUMBLED]]
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| Indications for [[Hyperbaric medicine|hyperbaric oxygen]] in [[carbon monoxide]] poisoning?||CO level >25% (>15% if pregnant), loss of consciousness, severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.1), concern for end-organ ischemia
|-
|-
| Ingestion that mimics [[tetanus]] and exhibits "awake" seizures in which patient is alert and oriented during tonic-clonic activity?||[[Strychnine]]
| Ingestion that mimics [[tetanus]] and exhibits "awake" seizures in which patient is alert and oriented during tonic-clonic activity?||[[Strychnine]]
|}
===Miscellaneous===
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Question'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Answer'''
|-
| If an on-scene physician arrives after EMS has initiated care, who makes the final decision, the on-scene doc or the medline physician?||The medline physician, though he/she can defer to on-scene physician
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 16:35, 9 May 2023

Buzzwords

This page consists of high-yield word associations meant for rapid review while studying for ITE or boards

Cardiovascular

Question Answer
Treatments for Torsades de pointes? Magnesium, Isoproterenol, Overdrive pacing, Defibrillation
Most specific sign in acute CHF? S3
Most common sign in myocarditis? Tachycardia
Joules for synchronized cardioversion? (with biphasic) Narrow regular(eg SVT): 50-100 J

Narrow irregular (eg A fib): 120-200 J (50-100 J often sufficient for A flutter)

Wide regular (eg Vtach): 100 J

Joules for defibrillation? 120-200 J
Joules for pediatric cardioversion and defibrillation? Cardioversion: 0.5 J/kg, repeat with 1 J/kg if unsuccessful

Defibrillation: 2 J/kg, repeat with 4 J/kg if unsuccessful

Most common cause of pacemaker failure to pace? Oversensing
EKG findings in pericarditis? Diffuse PR depressions and ST elevations (reversed in aVR)
Dialysis patient w/ new-onset heart failure. Pressing on fistula causes pulse to drop from 130 to 90 bpm. Dx and sign? High-output heart failure, Branham sign
Treatment for patient with ACS with aspirin allergy? Clopidogrel
How to distinguish early repolarization from pericarditis? ST/T ratio < 0.25 in early repolarization
Cardiac transplant patient with bradycardia. Which drug will NOT work? Atropine due to denervation of heart during transplantation
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia? Digoxin toxicity
How many blood cultures are needed to diagnose endocarditis? 3 separate sets

Dermatology

Endocrine

Question Answer
What are the doses for dextrose in pediatric patients? 5ml/kg of D10 if <1yo

2ml/kg of D25 if 1-8yo

1ml/kg of D50 if >8yo

Formula: ml/kg x concentration = 50

Environmental

Question Answer
Which blood count is used for prognostication in acute radiation syndrome? Absolute lymphocyte count

GI

Question Answer
Painful bowel movements with BRB when wiping? Anal fissure
Most common cause of small bowel obstruction? Adhesions
Most common cause of large bowel obstruction? Cancer
Management of thrombosed hemorrhoid? Elliptical incision to remove clot
Risk factors for sigmoid volvulus? Elderly, residents of long-term and psychiatric facilities, hx chronic constipation
Risk factors for cecal volvulus? Younger patients than sigmoid volvulus (30-60 yo), pregnancy
Most common location for esophageal foreign body in children? Cricopharyngeus muscle
Most common location for esophageal foreign body in adults? Lower esophageal sphincter
Infant with bloody stools that are hemoccult negative after recently starting antibiotics. Which antibiotic were they prescribed? Cefdinir
Toddler with bloody diarrhea and seizures. Diagnosis? Shigella
Diagnostic criteria for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis? Ascitic fluid with PMNs ≥250 (≥100 for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis)

HENT

Question Answer
Best solutions for an avulsed tooth? Hank's solution>Milk>Saliva>Saline
Ellis classification for dental fractures? Class I: Enamel

Class II: Dentin exposed

Class III: Pulp exposed

Management: Dental referral, Class I file down sharp edges, Classes II/III cover with calcium hydroxide

Most common source in anterior epistaxis? Kiesselbach plexus
Most common source in posterior epistaxis? Sphenopalatine artery
"Woody" texture and swelling of submandibular tissues w/ tongue elevation? Ludwig's angina
Most common organism in otitis externa? Pseudomonas
Most common organism in otitis media? Strep pneumo
Toddler presents with perioral electrical burns after chewing on a cable. What complication is he/she at risk for? Delayed labial artery bleeding (5-21 days after injury)

Infectious Disease

Question Answer
Patient with arthralgias and pustule on hand. Diagnosis? Disseminated gonorrhea
What organism needs to be covered for prophylaxis for a puncture wound through a tennis shoe? Pseudomonas, treat with ciprofloxacin
Prophylaxis for close contacts of patient with meningococcal meningitis? Rifampin
Diagnosis and treatment for patient with fever and target rash in the NE United States? Lyme disease and doxycycline

Neurology

Question Answer
BP goal for acute ischemic stroke? <220/120mmHg if not a tPA candidate, <180/105mmHg if giving tPA

OB/GYN

Pediatrics

Question Answer
Formula for low end of normal systolic blood pressure? 70 mmHg + (age in years x 2) mmHg

Pulmonary

Toxicology

See also: Antidotes

Question Answer
Lab findings and treatment for ethanol toxicity? + osmolar gap, + anion gap (if ketoacidosis), supportive care
Lab findings and treatment for methanol toxicity? + osmolar, + anion gap, fomepizole, folinic acid, +/- dialysis
Lab findings and treatment for ethylene glycol toxicity? + osmolar, + anion gap, fomepizole, thiamine, pyridoxine, +/- dialysis
Lab findings and treatment for isopropyl alcohol toxicity? + osmolar gap, - anion gap, supportive care
Beta blocker overdose antidotes? Glucagon and high dose insulin
Beta blocker overdose with wide QRS? Propranolol
Beta blocker overdose with prolonged QT? Sotalol
Dispo for patient who presents comatose and is intubated for airway protection, then wakes up in the ED and is A&Ox4? Discharge (GHB toxicity, short half life)
Mechanism of benzodiazepines? Increase frequency of GABA-A channel opening
Mechanism of barbiturates? Increase duration of GABA-A channel opening
Mnemonic for common dialyzable toxins? BLISTMED and ISTUMBLED
Indications for hyperbaric oxygen in carbon monoxide poisoning? CO level >25% (>15% if pregnant), loss of consciousness, severe metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.1), concern for end-organ ischemia
Ingestion that mimics tetanus and exhibits "awake" seizures in which patient is alert and oriented during tonic-clonic activity? Strychnine

Miscellaneous

Question Answer
If an on-scene physician arrives after EMS has initiated care, who makes the final decision, the on-scene doc or the medline physician? The medline physician, though he/she can defer to on-scene physician

See also

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