Template:AMS DDX: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 12:29, 13 March 2024

Altered mental status

Diffuse brain dysfunction

Hypoxic encephalopathy
Acute toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (Delirium)
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperosmolar state (e.g., hyperglycemia)
- Electrolyte Abnormalities (hypernatremia or hyponatremia, hypercalcemia)
- Organ system failure
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Uremia/Renal Failure
- Endocrine (Addison's disease, Cushing syndrome, hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, thyroid storm)
- Hypoxia
- CO2 narcosis
Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Toxins
TTP / Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Alcohol withdrawal
Drug reactions (NMS, Serotonin Syndrome)
Environmental causes
- Hypothermia
- Hyperthermia
Deficiency state
- Wernicke encephalopathy
- Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord (B12 deficiency)
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Zinc Deficiency
Sepsis
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis)
Limbic encephalitis

Primary CNS disease or trauma

Direct CNS trauma
- Diffuse axonal injury
- Subdural/epidural hematoma
Vascular disease
- Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
SAH
Stroke
- Hemispheric, brainstem
CNS infections
Neoplasms
- Paraneoplastic Limbic encephalitis
- Malignant Meningitis
- Pancreatic Insulinoma
Seizures
- Nonconvulsive status epilepticus
- Postictal state
Dementia

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ===[[Altered mental status]]===
-#Diffuse brain dysfunction
+====Diffuse brain dysfunction====
-##Encephalopathies
+*[[hypoxia|Hypoxic]] encephalopathy
-###Hypoxic encephalopathy
+*[[Delirium|Acute toxic-metabolic encephalopathy (Delirium)]]
-###Metabolic encephalopathy
+**[[Hypoglycemia]]
-####[[Hypoglycemia]]
+**Hyperosmolar state (e.g., [[hyperglycemia]])
-####Hyperosmolar state (e.g., [[hyperglycemia]])
+**[[Electrolyte Abnormalities]] ([[hypernatremia]] or [[hyponatremia]], [[hypercalcemia]])
-####[[Electrolyte Abnormalities]] ([[hypernatremia]] or [[hyponatremia]], [[hypercalcemia]])
+**Organ system failure
-####Organ system failure
+**[[Hepatic Encephalopathy]]
-####[[Hepatic Encephalopathy]]
+**[[Uremia]]/[[Renal Failure]]
-####[[Uremia]]/[[Renal Failure]]
+**Endocrine ([[Addison's disease]], [[Cushing syndrome]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[myxedema coma]], [[thyroid storm]])
-####Endocrine (Addison disease, [[hypothyroidism]])
+**[[Hypoxia]]
-####Hypoxia
+**[[CO2 narcosis]]
-####CO2 narcosis
+*[[Hypertensive Encephalopathy]]
-###[[Hypertensive Encephalopathy]]
+*[[Toxins]]
-##Toxins
+*[[TTP]] / [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
-##Drug reactions (NMS)
+*[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
-##Environmental causes
+*Drug reactions ([[NMS]], [[Serotonin Syndrome]])
-###[[Hypothermia]]
+*Environmental causes
-###[[Hyperthermia]]
+**[[Hypothermia]]
-##Deficiency state
+**[[Hyperthermia]]
-###[[Wernicke encephalopathy]]
+*Deficiency state
-##[[Sepsis]]
+**[[Wernicke encephalopathy]]
-#Primary CNS disease or trauma
+**Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord ([[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]])
-##Direct CNS trauma
+**[[Rickets|Vitamin D Deficiency]]
-###Diffuse axonal injury
+**Zinc Deficiency
-###Subdural/epidural hematoma
+*[[Sepsis]]
-##Vascular disease
+*[[Osmotic demyelination syndrome]] (central pontine myelinolysis)
-###Intraparenchymal hemorrhage
+*[[Limbic encephalitis]]
-##[[SAH]]
-##Infarction
+====Primary CNS disease or trauma====
-###Hemispheric, brainstem
+*Direct CNS trauma
-##CNS infections
+**Diffuse axonal injury
-##Neoplasms
+**[[Subdural hemorrhage|Subdural]]/[[epidural hematoma]]
-##[[Seizures]]
+*Vascular disease
-###Nonconvulsive status epilepticus
+**[[ICH|Intraparenchymal hemorrhage]]
-####Consider if motor activity of seizure has stopped but pt is not alert w/in 30min
+*[[SAH]]
-###Postictal state
+*[[Stroke]]
+**Hemispheric, brainstem
+*CNS infections
+**[[Encephalitis]]
+**[[Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis]]
+**[[Meningitis]]
+*Neoplasms
+**[[Paraneoplastic]] [[Limbic encephalitis]]
+**Malignant Meningitis
+**Pancreatic [[Insulinoma]]
+*[[Seizures]]
+**Nonconvulsive [[status epilepticus]]
+**Postictal state
+*[[Dementia]]
+**[[Alzheimer's]]
+**[[Lewy Body Dementia]]
+**[[Frontotemporal Dementia]]
+====Psychiatric====
+*[[Acute psychosis]]
+*[[Catatonia]]
+*[[Excited delirium]]
+*Malingering
+*[[Steroid induced psychosis]]