ECG axis: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Axes.png|thumb|ECG Axis]] | [[File:Axes.png|thumb|ECG Axis]] | ||
[[File:Limb_leads.png|thumb|Limb and augmented leads]] | [[File:Limb_leads.png|thumb|Limb and augmented leads]] | ||
[[File:Precordial_leads.png|thumb|Precordial leads]] | [[File:Precordial_leads.png|thumb|Precordial leads]] | ||
==Normal Axis== | |||
*-30°→90° | |||
*Dominant QRS direction (positive or negative) can be used to approximate axis | |||
**Normal axis if positive QRS in leads I and aVF | |||
==Right Axis Deviation== | ==Right Axis Deviation== | ||
*Causes: | |||
**Usually accompanied by tall R wave in V1 | |||
***[[Right ventricular hypertrophy]] | |||
***[[Pulmonary hypertension]] & chronic lung disease | |||
**[[COPD]] | |||
**[[Pulmonary embolism]] | |||
**[[Left posterior fascicular block]] | |||
**Lateral MI (from Q-waves in lead I) | |||
**Ventricular ectopy (VT) | |||
**[[TCA toxicity]], sodium channel blocker toxicity | |||
**[[Hyperkalemia]] | |||
**Lead misplacement | |||
**Dextrocardia | |||
**Normal thin adults with horizontally positioned hearts | |||
==Left Axis Deviation== | |||
*Causes: | |||
**[[Left anterior fascicular block]] | |||
**[[Left Bundle Branch Block]] | |||
**Inferior MI (from Qs) | |||
**[[Left Ventricular Hypertrophy]] | |||
**Pacer | |||
**[[WPW]] | |||
**[[Hyperkalemia]] | |||
**Normal variant | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[ECG (Main)]] | *[[ECG (Main)]] | ||
[[Category: | ==External Links== | ||
*[http://ddxof.com/ecg-guide/ DDxOf: ECG Guide] | |||
==References== | |||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:13, 27 March 2024
Normal Axis
- -30°→90°
- Dominant QRS direction (positive or negative) can be used to approximate axis
- Normal axis if positive QRS in leads I and aVF
Right Axis Deviation
- Causes:
- Usually accompanied by tall R wave in V1
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
- Pulmonary hypertension & chronic lung disease
- COPD
- Pulmonary embolism
- Left posterior fascicular block
- Lateral MI (from Q-waves in lead I)
- Ventricular ectopy (VT)
- TCA toxicity, sodium channel blocker toxicity
- Hyperkalemia
- Lead misplacement
- Dextrocardia
- Normal thin adults with horizontally positioned hearts
- Usually accompanied by tall R wave in V1
Left Axis Deviation
- Causes:
- Left anterior fascicular block
- Left Bundle Branch Block
- Inferior MI (from Qs)
- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Pacer
- WPW
- Hyperkalemia
- Normal variant