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| ==Background==
| | #REDIRECT[[Pneumomediastinum]] |
| *Also known as mediastinal emphysema
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| *Definition: air present in the mediastinum
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| ===Causes===
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| *[[Esophageal rupture]]
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| *[[Asthma]]/[[COPD]]
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| *Bowel rupture or other cause of air in abdominal cavity (tracts up into the chest)
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| *[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]] [[pneumonia]]
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| *Environmental [[barotrauma]] (e.g. [[Scuba diving emergencies|scuba diving]], [[Commercial in-flight medical emergencies|flight]])
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| *Iatrogenic (e.g. during thoroscopy/VATS)
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| *Blunt [[chest trauma]]
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| ==Clinical Features==
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| *[[Chest pain]]
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| *[[Dyspnea]]
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| *Voice distortion
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| *[[Subcutaneous emphysema]], especially of face, neck, and chest.<ref>Quresi SA, Tilyard A (2008). "Unusual Presentation of Spontaneous Mediastinum: A Case Report". ''Cases Journal'' 1:349. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-349.</ref>
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| *"Crunching" sound on auscultation, timed with the cardiac cycle (Hamman's crunch)
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| *May mimic [[cardiac tamponade]]<ref>Beg MH, Reyazuddin, Ansari MM (1988). "Traumatic tension Pneumomediastinum Mimicking Cardiac Tamponade". ''Thorax'' 43:576-677. doi: 10.1136/thx.43.7.576.</ref>
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| ==Differential Diagnosis==
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| [[File:Subcutaneous emphysema chest cropped.jpg|thumb]]
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| [[File:PneumoMediastinum2008.jpg|thumb|Traumatic pneumomediastinum and right sided pneumothorax with first rib fracture.]]
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| [[File:Pneumomediastinum-003.jpg|thumb|Pneumomediastinum with Angel wing sign]]
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| *[[CXR]] or chest CT
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| **Radiolucent outline around the heart and mediastinum
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| ==Management==
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| *[[Supplemental oxygen]] with [[non-rebreather]]
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| ==Disposition==
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| ==See Also==
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| *[[Pneumothorax (main)]]
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| ==External Links==
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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| [[Category:Pulm]]
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