Hydrocephalus: Difference between revisions
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**Large fontanelles | **Large fontanelles | ||
**Dilated scalp veins | **Dilated scalp veins | ||
**"Cracked pot" sound on percussion | |||
**Irritability | **Irritability | ||
**Increased lower extremity tone | **Increased lower extremity tone | ||
Revision as of 03:25, 17 February 2016
Background
Hydrocephalus is caused by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation often from an obstructive process such as CSF shunt malfunction or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients can also suffer from nonobstructive hydrocephalus due to excessive production of CSF.[1]
Clinical Features
- Headache
- Diplopia
- Ocular Palsy - 6th nerve palsy, strabismus
- Papilledema
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Altered Mental Status
- Peds (in addition to above):
- Large fontanelles
- Dilated scalp veins
- "Cracked pot" sound on percussion
- Irritability
- Increased lower extremity tone
- Remember that Babinski sign is normal up to 3 years of age
Differential Diagnosis
Workup
- Physical Exam to assess for papilledema or neuro defects
- CT Brain non contrast
Obstructive hydrocephalus cause by a posterior fossa cyst in a 12 month old. Patient presented with loss of developmental milestones.
Management
Disposition
See Also
External Links
Sources
- ↑ Shprecher D. et al. Normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnosis and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2008;8(5):371-376.