Cyclospora: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
* one celled microscopic parasite that causes intestinal infection | *one celled microscopic parasite that causes intestinal infection | ||
* fecal-oral transmission | *fecal-oral transmission | ||
* endemic in tropical and subtropical regions | *endemic in tropical and subtropical regions | ||
==Signs/Symptoms== | ==Signs/Symptoms== | ||
* watery (sometimes explosive) diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased flatus, nausea, and fatigue | *watery (sometimes explosive) diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased flatus, nausea, and fatigue | ||
* can last days to over a month | *can last days to over a month | ||
* In immunocompromised hosts, cyclospora may cause severe, intractable, voluminous diarrhea resembling cryptosporidiosis. Extraintestinal disease in patients with AIDS may include cholecystitis and disseminated infection. | *In immunocompromised hosts, cyclospora may cause severe, intractable, voluminous diarrhea resembling cryptosporidiosis. Extraintestinal disease in patients with AIDS may include cholecystitis and disseminated infection. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
* stool O&P | *stool O&P | ||
* Detection is facilitated by staining stool samples with modified acid-fast stain or modified safranin stain. Multiple (≥ 3) stool specimens may be needed because cyst secretion may be intermittent (2) | *Detection is facilitated by staining stool samples with modified acid-fast stain or modified safranin stain. Multiple (≥ 3) stool specimens may be needed because cyst secretion may be intermittent (2) | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
* Bactrim: 160 mg TMP and 800 mg SMX po bid for 7 to 10 days for cyclosporiasis or for 10 days. Children are given 5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SMX po bid for the same number of days. | *Bactrim: 160 mg TMP and 800 mg SMX po bid for 7 to 10 days for cyclosporiasis or for 10 days. Children are given 5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SMX po bid for the same number of days. | ||
* Immunocompromised patients may require higher doses and longer duration of treatment, and treatment of acute infection is usually followed by long-term suppressive therapy | *Immunocompromised patients may require higher doses and longer duration of treatment, and treatment of acute infection is usually followed by long-term suppressive therapy | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 09:23, 6 July 2016
Background
- one celled microscopic parasite that causes intestinal infection
- fecal-oral transmission
- endemic in tropical and subtropical regions
Signs/Symptoms
- watery (sometimes explosive) diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased flatus, nausea, and fatigue
- can last days to over a month
- In immunocompromised hosts, cyclospora may cause severe, intractable, voluminous diarrhea resembling cryptosporidiosis. Extraintestinal disease in patients with AIDS may include cholecystitis and disseminated infection.
Diagnosis
- stool O&P
- Detection is facilitated by staining stool samples with modified acid-fast stain or modified safranin stain. Multiple (≥ 3) stool specimens may be needed because cyst secretion may be intermittent (2)
Treatment
- Bactrim: 160 mg TMP and 800 mg SMX po bid for 7 to 10 days for cyclosporiasis or for 10 days. Children are given 5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SMX po bid for the same number of days.
- Immunocompromised patients may require higher doses and longer duration of treatment, and treatment of acute infection is usually followed by long-term suppressive therapy
References
- 1. U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Cyclosporiasis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cyclosporiasis/gen_info/faqs.html
- 2. RD Pearson. "Cyclosporiasis and Cystoisosporiasis". The Merck Manual. Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/intestinal-protozoa/cyclosporiasis-and-cystoisosporiasis