Chagas disease: Difference between revisions
(Chagas disease) |
Elcatracho (talk | contribs) |
||
| (19 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
*Endemic in rural parts of South | *Also known as American Trypanosomiasis | ||
*Endemic in rural parts of Cental and South America | |||
**Rare cases found in Southern United States | **Rare cases found in Southern United States | ||
*Caused by the parasite | *Caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi | ||
**Vector: Reduviid (kissing bug) | |||
**The parasite is transmitted in the feces of the host vector | **The parasite is transmitted in the feces of the host vector | ||
***When the vector bites, it also defecates and the parasites enter the blood stream through the bite wound | ***When the vector bites, it also defecates and the parasites enter the blood stream through the bite wound | ||
==Transmission== | ===Transmission=== | ||
[[File: Triatoma.jpg|thumb|''Triatoma infestans,''a common vector for ''T. cruzi'']] | |||
*Disease of poverty | *Disease of poverty | ||
**Spread by the [[wikipedia:Triatominae|Triatominae]] bug (also known as the kissing bug) | **Spread by the [[wikipedia:Triatominae|Triatominae]] bug (also known as the kissing bug) | ||
| Line 21: | Line 24: | ||
**Localized swelling at the area of parasite entry | **Localized swelling at the area of parasite entry | ||
*Non-specific signs and symptoms | *Non-specific signs and symptoms | ||
**Fever, fatigue, | **[[Fever]], [[fatigue]], [[myalgia]], [[headache]], anorexia, [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]] | ||
*Serious complications | *Serious complications | ||
**Myocarditis, encephalitis | **[[Myocarditis]], [[arrhythmia]], [[encephalitis]] | ||
===Chronic phase=== | ===Chronic phase=== | ||
*Between 20-40% of patients will develop chronic complications | *Between 20-40% of patients will develop chronic complications | ||
*'''Cardiac complications''' | *'''Cardiac complications''' | ||
**Dilated cardiomyopathy | **[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]] ([[CHF]]) | ||
**Dysrhythmias | **[[Dysrhythmias]] | ||
*'''GI complications''' | *'''GI complications''' | ||
**Megaesophagus | **Megaesophagus | ||
**Megacolon | **Megacolon | ||
**Achalasia | **[[Achalasia]] | ||
**[[Volvulus]] | |||
**[[Hepatomegaly|Hepatosplenomegaly]] (secondary to HF) | |||
*'''Neuro symptoms''' | *'''Neuro symptoms''' | ||
**Neuritis | **Neuritis | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
==Evaluation== | |||
*[[ECG]] | |||
*[[LFTs]] | |||
*Blood smear | *Blood smear | ||
**Can visualize parasites | **Can visualize parasites | ||
**PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence | |||
**PCR, ELISA, | |||
==Management== | |||
*[[Benznidazole]] or [[Nifurtimox]] | |||
*Symptomatic treatment | |||
== | ==External Links== | ||
* | *[http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/treatment.html CDC: American Trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas Disease)] | ||
== | ==See Also== | ||
* | *[[Parasitic Diseases]] | ||
* | *[[Travel Medicine]] | ||
*[[Cardiomyopathy]] | |||
== | ==References== | ||
<References/> | |||
[[Category:ID]] | [[Category:ID]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Tropical Medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:34, 15 January 2021
Background
- Also known as American Trypanosomiasis
- Endemic in rural parts of Cental and South America
- Rare cases found in Southern United States
- Caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi
- Vector: Reduviid (kissing bug)
- The parasite is transmitted in the feces of the host vector
- When the vector bites, it also defecates and the parasites enter the blood stream through the bite wound
Transmission
- Disease of poverty
- Spread by the Triatominae bug (also known as the kissing bug)
- The Triatomina bug thrives in housing that is old, has thatched roofs and dwellings where the roof does not abut the wall.
- Spread by the Triatominae bug (also known as the kissing bug)
- Other methods of transmission
- Vertical (mother to child)
- Transfusion/organ donation
Clinical Features
Acute phase
- Romañas sign
- swelling of the eye thought to be secondary to rubbing the feces into the eye
- Chagoma
- Localized swelling at the area of parasite entry
- Non-specific signs and symptoms
- Serious complications
Chronic phase
- Between 20-40% of patients will develop chronic complications
- Cardiac complications
- GI complications
- Megaesophagus
- Megacolon
- Achalasia
- Volvulus
- Hepatosplenomegaly (secondary to HF)
- Neuro symptoms
- Neuritis
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
Management
- Benznidazole or Nifurtimox
- Symptomatic treatment