Sodium nitrite: Difference between revisions
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==Administration== | ==Administration== | ||
*Type: | *Type: [[Antidote]] | ||
*Dosage Forms: | *Dosage Forms: | ||
*Routes of Administration: | *Routes of Administration: IV | ||
*Common Trade Names: | *Common Trade Names: | ||
==Adult Dosing== | ==Adult Dosing== | ||
*Symptomatic cyanide toxicity: 300 mg of sodium nitrite (10 mL of 3% solution) IV over 3–5 minutes. If no response after 30min, give additional half-dose | |||
==Pediatric Dosing== | ==Pediatric Dosing== | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
==Special Populations== | ==Special Populations== | ||
*[[Drug pregnancy categories|Pregnancy Rating]]: | *[[Drug pregnancy categories|Pregnancy Rating]]: No assigned FDA category; may impair oxygen delivery to fetus | ||
*Lactation risk: | *Lactation risk: | ||
*Renal dosing: | |||
*Hepatic dosing: | |||
* | |||
==Contraindications== | ==Contraindications== | ||
*Allergy to class/drug | *Allergy to class/drug | ||
*Significant preexisting methemoglobinemia (>40%) | |||
*Severe hypotension (relative) | |||
*Concurrent carbon monoxide toxicity (relative) | |||
==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*Hypotension (especially with rapid IV push); may be exacerbated by alcohol and other vasodilatory agents | |||
*Severe, potentially fatal, methemoglobinemia | |||
*Tachycardia | |||
===Common=== | ===Common=== | ||
*Headache | |||
*Facial flushing, dizziness, sweating | |||
*Nausea, vomiting | |||
==Pharmacology== | ==Pharmacology== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 40: | ||
==Mechanism of Action== | ==Mechanism of Action== | ||
*Oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which binds free cyanide. Vasodilation may also enhance endothelial cyanide detoxification | |||
==Comments== | ==Comments== | ||
Revision as of 17:19, 17 May 2017
Administration
- Type: Antidote
- Dosage Forms:
- Routes of Administration: IV
- Common Trade Names:
Adult Dosing
- Symptomatic cyanide toxicity: 300 mg of sodium nitrite (10 mL of 3% solution) IV over 3–5 minutes. If no response after 30min, give additional half-dose
Pediatric Dosing
Sodium nitrite (Pediatric Dosing)
| Hb Level (g/dL) | Dose of 3% sodium nitrite (mL/kg) |
| 7 | 0.19 |
| 8 | 0.22 |
| 9 | 0.25 |
| 10 | 0.27 |
| 11 | 0.30 |
| 12 | 0.33 |
| 13 | 0.36 |
| 14 | 0.39 |
- Max dose should not exceed 10mL
- Do not give faster than 5mL/min (to avoid hypotension)
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: No assigned FDA category; may impair oxygen delivery to fetus
- Lactation risk:
- Renal dosing:
- Hepatic dosing:
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- Significant preexisting methemoglobinemia (>40%)
- Severe hypotension (relative)
- Concurrent carbon monoxide toxicity (relative)
Adverse Reactions
Serious
- Hypotension (especially with rapid IV push); may be exacerbated by alcohol and other vasodilatory agents
- Severe, potentially fatal, methemoglobinemia
- Tachycardia
Common
- Headache
- Facial flushing, dizziness, sweating
- Nausea, vomiting
Pharmacology
- Half-life:
- Metabolism:
- Excretion:
Mechanism of Action
- Oxidizes hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which binds free cyanide. Vasodilation may also enhance endothelial cyanide detoxification