Pheochromocytoma: Difference between revisions
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Headache | *[[Headache]] | ||
*Alternating periods of normal and elevated blood pressure, and can cause resistant hypertension and hypertensive emergency | *Alternating periods of normal and elevated blood pressure, and can cause resistant [[hypertension]] and [[hypertensive emergency]] | ||
*Tachycardia | *[[Tachycardia]] | ||
*Flushed skin | *Flushed skin | ||
*Palpitations | *[[Palpitations]] | ||
*Diaphoresis | *Diaphoresis | ||
*Weight loss | *Weight loss | ||
Revision as of 10:34, 21 January 2016
Background
- Rare tumor arising from chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla or other paraganglia in the body
- Increased catecholamine production leading to its clinical manifestations
Clinical Features
- Headache
- Alternating periods of normal and elevated blood pressure, and can cause resistant hypertension and hypertensive emergency
- Tachycardia
- Flushed skin
- Palpitations
- Diaphoresis
- Weight loss
Differential Diagnosis
Hypertension
- Hypertensive emergency
- Stroke
- Sympathetic crashing acute pulmonary edema
- Ischemic stroke
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
- Autonomic dysreflexia
- Scleroderma renal crisis
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Type- I myocardial infarction
- Volume overload
- Urinary obstruction
- Drug use or overdose (e.g stimulants, especially alcohol, cocaine, or Synthroid)
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Nephritic and nephrotic syndrome
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Tyramine reaction
- Cushing's syndrome
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Pheochromocytoma
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Anxiety
- Pain
- Oral contraceptive use
Diagnosis
- Plasma free metanephrines
- Urinary fractionated metanephrines
- CT imaging to localize tumor
- General lab features include hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, and erythrocytosis
Management
- Alpha blockade with phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine acutely[1]
- Beta blockade can be started 2 days later
- Eventual surgical resection of tumor
Disposition
- Admission to a monitored setting
See Also
External Links
References
- ↑ WJ Elliott, J Varon. Drugs used for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. In: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA. (Accessed on January 11, 2016.)