Fractures (main): Difference between revisions
(Updated principles of fracture description.) |
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==Describing Fractures== | ==Describing Fractures== | ||
A systematic approach for the description of fractures should be used to aid in clear communication with radiologists and consulting specialists. | A systematic approach for the description of fractures should be used to aid in clear communication with radiologists and consulting specialists. | ||
* Laterality | |||
* Affected Bone | |||
* Location | |||
** Intra-articular vs. extra-articular | ** Intra-articular vs. extra-articular | ||
** Portion of long-bone (proximal, middle, distal) | ** Portion of long-bone (proximal, middle, distal) | ||
** Anatomic site (ex. supracondylar, intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, femoral neck) | ** Anatomic site (ex. [[supracondylar]], [[Intertrochanteric femur fracture|intertrochanteric]], [[Subtrochanteric femur fracture|subtrochanteric]], [[Femoral neck fracture|femoral neck]]) | ||
* [[Open fracture|Open]] vs. Closed | |||
* Direction (orientation of fracture line relative to long-axis) | |||
** Transverse | ** Transverse | ||
** Oblique | ** Oblique | ||
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** Comminuted (>3 fragments) | ** Comminuted (>3 fragments) | ||
** Impacted | ** Impacted | ||
**Torus / Greenstick (Peds) | **Torus / [[Greenstick Fracture|Greenstick]] (Peds) | ||
* Alignment | |||
** Displacement (distal relative to proximal fragment) | ** Displacement (distal relative to proximal fragment) | ||
***State in terms of direct measurement (e.g. 4mm) or %width of bones (50% displacement) | ***State in terms of direct measurement (e.g. 4mm) or %width of bones (50% displacement) | ||
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*** Fracture-Dislocation: Be careful not to describe these injuries as fractures with displacement | *** Fracture-Dislocation: Be careful not to describe these injuries as fractures with displacement | ||
[[Salter Harris]] | * [[Salter Harris]] | ||
==Head and Neck== | ==Head and Neck== | ||
Revision as of 21:57, 10 June 2016
Describing Fractures
A systematic approach for the description of fractures should be used to aid in clear communication with radiologists and consulting specialists.
- Laterality
- Affected Bone
- Location
- Intra-articular vs. extra-articular
- Portion of long-bone (proximal, middle, distal)
- Anatomic site (ex. supracondylar, intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, femoral neck)
- Open vs. Closed
- Direction (orientation of fracture line relative to long-axis)
- Transverse
- Oblique
- Spiral
- Segmental (>2 fragments, with one segment not connected to either end)
- Comminuted (>3 fragments)
- Impacted
- Torus / Greenstick (Peds)
- Alignment
- Displacement (distal relative to proximal fragment)
- State in terms of direct measurement (e.g. 4mm) or %width of bones (50% displacement)
- Angulation
- Deviation from longitudinal axis, described in degrees and direction
- Direction of apex of angle formed from redrawn longitudinal axes of fracture fragments
- Rotation
- Twisting around longitudinal axis (distal relative to proximal fragment)
- Described as medial or lateral rotation (towards or away from midline respectively)
- Separation
- Distance two fragments have been pulled apart (but not offset from each other)
- Shortening
- Amount by which a bone's length has been reduced (expressed in mm or cm)
- May occur by impaction or by overriding
- Other
- Incomplete: Only one side of cortex disrupted
- Stress: Caused by repetitive low-force trauma/impact
- Pathologic: Caused by trivial trauma or biomechanically routine force, suggestive of abnormal bone.
- Fracture-Dislocation: Be careful not to describe these injuries as fractures with displacement
- Displacement (distal relative to proximal fragment)
Head and Neck
Maxillofacial Trauma
- Ears
- Nose
- Oral
- Other face
- Zygomatic arch fracture
- Zygomaticomaxillary (tripod) fracture
- Related
Vertebral fractures and dislocations types
- Cervical fractures and dislocations
- Thoracic and lumbar fractures and dislocations
Upper Extremity
Humerus Fracture Types
Elbow
- Adult
- Pediatric
Forearm Fracture Types
- Distal radius fractures
- Radia ulna fracture
- Isolated radius fracture (proximal)
- Isolated ulna fracture (i.e. nightstick)
- Monteggia fracture-dislocation
- Galeazzi fracture-dislocation
- Forearm fracture (peds)
Carpal fractures
- Scaphoid fracture
- Lunate fracture
- Triquetrum fracture
- Pisiform fracture
- Trapezium fracture
- Trapezoid fracture
- Capitate fracture
- Hamate fracture
Hand and Finger Fracture Types
Torso
Chest
Abdomen
Spine
Lower Extremity
Proximal Leg
Distal Leg Fracture Types
- Tibial plateau fracture
- Tibial shaft fracture
- Pilon fracture
- Maisonneuve fracture
- Tibia fracture (peds)
- Ankle fracture
- Foot and toe fractures