Theophylline: Difference between revisions
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==Adverse Reactions== | ==Adverse Reactions== | ||
''See [[theophylline toxicity]] for overdose information'' | |||
===Serious=== | ===Serious=== | ||
*seizures | *seizures | ||
Revision as of 22:17, 20 September 2016
General
- Type: a
- Dosage Forms: 100,200,300,400,450,600 ER; 80/15 mL; IV
- Common Trade Names: Elixophyllin, Theo-24, Uniphyl
Adult Dosing
Pediatric Dosing
Special Populations
- Pregnancy Rating: C
- Lactation: Probably Safe
- Renal Dosing
- Adult: no adjustment
- Pediatric: <3 mo: decrease dose amount not defined; >3 mo: no adjustment
- Hepatic Dosing
- Adult: decrease dose amount not defined
- Pediatric: decrease dose amount not defined
Contraindications
- Allergy to class/drug
- caution if PUD, active
- caution if seizure disorder
- caution if arrhythmias
- caution if CHF
- caution if pulmonary edema, acute
- caution if cor pulmonale
- caution if hepatic impairment
- caution if hypothyroidism
- caution if febrile
- caution if sepsis with multi-organ failure
- caution if shock
- caution if smoking habit changes
- caution if neonates or infants
- caution in elderly patients
Adverse Reactions
See theophylline toxicity for overdose information
Serious
- seizures
- arrhythmias
- hypotension
- shock
- exfoliative dermatitis
Common
- nausea
- vomiting
- headache
- insomnia
- diarrhea
- irritability
- restlessness
- tremor
- diuresis, transient
Pharmacology
- Half-life: 8h
- Metabolism: liver; CYP450: 1A2, 2E1, 3A3
- Excretion: urine (10% unchanged)
- Mechanism of Action: exact mechanism unknown; increases cAMP; antagonizes adenosine receptors (methylxanthine)