Vitamin D deficiency: Difference between revisions
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==Evaluation== | ==Evaluation== | ||
*Definition of vitamin D deficiency: | *Definition of vitamin D deficiency: | ||
**25 | **25 Hydroxy-vitamin D < 25nmol/L | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Revision as of 23:06, 12 January 2017
Background
- AKA: Hypovitaminosis D
- Vitamin D
- Lipid soluble
- Acts as a hormone to:
- Stimulate intestinal calcium absorption
- Maintain adequate phosphate levels for bone development
- Regulate cell growth proliferation and apoptosis
- Modulate the immune system
- Deficiency leads to impaired bone mineralization and disease such as:
- Rickets in children
- Osteomalacia and Osteoporosis in adults
Etiology
- Inadequate intake
- Dietary sources such as fortified foods and supplements are the mainstay of vitamin D intake
- Foods rich in vitamin D include fatty fish, egg yolks, fish liver oil, and some mushrooms
- Inadequate sunlight exposure
- Synthesis of vitamin D occurs in the skin through exposure to ultraviolet B radiation from sunlight
- Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency include darker skin pigmentation, prolong winter season, living at higher latitudes, skin coverage
- Disorders limiting vitamin D absorption
- Conditions preventing vitamin D conversion into active metabolites (i.e. Renal Failure)
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
- Definition of vitamin D deficiency:
- 25 Hydroxy-vitamin D < 25nmol/L