Cocaine: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:35, 18 February 2017

This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see cocaine toxicity

Administration

Type:
Dosage Forms:
Routes of Administration:
Common Trade Names:

Adult Dosing

Pediatric Dosing

Special Populations

Pregnancy Rating:
Lactation risk:

Renal Dosing

Adult:
Pediatric:

Hepatic Dosing

Adult:
Pediatric:

Contraindications

Allergy to class/drug

Adverse Reactions

Acute
- Cocaine-associated chest pain
- Sympathomimetic qualities
  - Tachycardia
  - Fever
  - Agitation
  - Diaphoresis
- Pulmonary Complications:
  - "Crack lung"^[1]
  - Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage^[2]
  - ARDS
  - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia
  - Pneumothorax
  - Pneumomediastinum
  - Thermal epiglottitis - hot cocaine
Chronic
- Atherosclerosis
- Cardiomyopathy
- Nasal Septum damage
- Up to 70% of US cocaine tainted with levamisole, potentially leading to neutropenia, vasculitis

Pharmacology

Half-life:
Metabolism:
Excretion:

Mechanism of Action

Blocks reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine
Anesthetic effects achieved through sodium channel blockade

Comments

References

↑ Forrester, J. M., Steele, A. W., Waldron, J. A. and Parsons, P. E. (1990) ‘Crack Lung: An Acute Pulmonary Syndrome with a Spectrum of Clinical and Histopathologic Findings’, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 142(2), pp. 462–467. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/142.2.462.
↑ Ettinger, N. A. and Albin, R. J. (1989) ‘A review of the respiratory effects of smoking cocaine’, The American Journal of Medicine, 87(6), pp. 664–668. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(89)80401-2.

References

Authors:

[1] Forrester, J. M., Steele, A. W., Waldron, J. A. and Parsons, P. E. (1990) ‘Crack Lung: An Acute Pulmonary Syndrome with a Spectrum of Clinical and Histopathologic Findings’, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 142(2), pp. 462–467. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/142.2.462.

[2] Ettinger, N. A. and Albin, R. J. (1989) ‘A review of the respiratory effects of smoking cocaine’, The American Journal of Medicine, 87(6), pp. 664–668. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(89)80401-2.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ''This page is for the drug cocaine; for clinical effects see [[cocaine toxicity]]''
-==Background==
+==Administration==
-[[File:Kokain_-_Cocaine.svg.png |thumb|Cocaine chemical structure]]
+*Type:
-*A [[Sympathomimetic toxicity|sympathomimetic]] stimulant derived from an alkaloid paste made from the leaves of the coca plant
+*Dosage Forms:
-*Both a legitimate medical drug and a drug of abuse
+*Routes of Administration:
+*Common Trade Names:
-===Forms of Abuse===
+==Adult Dosing==
-*Cocaine can be smoked, snorted, injected or ingested
-*Smoked form is often in a free-base or crack form
-===Detection===
-*Unreliable in very acute intoxication<ref>McCord J, et al. Management of Cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2008; 117: 1897-1907.</ref>
-*Qualitative urine detection of cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine at cut-off of 300 ng/ml
-**On average, shows up in urine 24-48 hrs after use
-**Up to 22 days in chronic users
-==Adverse effects==
+==Pediatric Dosing==
+==Special Populations==
+*[[Drug pregnancy categories|Pregnancy Rating]]:
+*Lactation risk:
+===Renal Dosing===
+*Adult:
+*Pediatric:
+===Hepatic Dosing===
+*Adult:
+*Pediatric:
+==Contraindications==
+*Allergy to class/drug
+==Adverse Reactions==
 *Acute
 **[[Cocaine-associated chest pain]]
@@ Line 37: / Line 47: @@
 **Up to 70% of US cocaine tainted with [[levamisole]], potentially leading to [[neutropenia]], [[vasculitis]]
-==Mechanism of action==
+==Pharmacology==
+*Half-life:
+*Metabolism:
+*Excretion:
+==Mechanism of Action==
 *Blocks reuptake of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine
 *Anesthetic effects achieved through sodium channel blockade
-==Differential Diagnosis==
+==Comments==
-{{Sympathomimetic types}}
+==See Also==
+==References==
+<references/>
+[[Category:Pharmacology]]
 ==See Also==