Template:Hemorrhagic shock classes: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 03:08, 31 January 2019
Classes of hemorrhagic shock[1]
| Class | I | II | III | IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Approximate blood loss | <15% | 15-30% | 30-40% | >40% |
| Heart rate | ↔ | ↔/↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| Blood pressure | ↔ | ↔ | Decreased | Decreased |
| Pulse Pressure (mmHg) | ↔ | Decreased | Decreased | Decreased |
| Respiratory Rate (per min) | ↔ | ↔ | ↔/↑ | ↑ |
| Urine Output (mL/hr) | ↔ | ↔ | Negligible | |
| Mental Status | ↔ | ↔ | Anxious, Confused | Confused, Lethargic |
| Base deficit^ | 0 to -2 mEq/L | -2 to -6 mEq/L | -6 to -10 mEq/L | -10 or less mEq/L |
| Need for blood products | Monitor | Possible | Yes | Massive transfusion protocol |
^Base excess is the quantity of base (HCO3-, in mEq/L) that is above or below the normal range in the body. A negative number is called a base deficit and indicates metabolic acidosis.
- ↑ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Shock: in Advanced Trauma Life Support: Student Course Manual, ed 10. 2018. Ch 3:62-81