Disulfiram effect: Difference between revisions
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**Works by inhibiting acetaldehyde dehydrogenase → buildup of acetaldehyde → unpleasant effects. | **Works by inhibiting acetaldehyde dehydrogenase → buildup of acetaldehyde → unpleasant effects. | ||
**Designed to assist in alcohol cessation. | **Designed to assist in alcohol cessation. | ||
===Disulfiram-like Reaction=== | |||
*Certain other medications cause acute ethanol intolerance and similar effects as disulfiram<ref>Karamanakos PN, Pappas P, Boumba VA, et al. Pharmaceutical agents known to produce disulfiram-like reaction: effects on hepatic ethanol metabolism and brain monoamines. Int J Toxicol. 2007 Sep-Oct;26(5):423-32.</ref> | |||
**Mechanism is thought to be the same (i.e. buildup of acetaldehyde) | |||
*Examples | |||
**Antibiotics ([[Metronidazole|metronidazole]], certain [[Cephalosporins|cephalosporins]], chloramphenicol, furazolidone) | |||
**Antifungals ([[Griseofulvin]]) | |||
**Quinacrine | |||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
*Nausea/vomiting | |||
*Headache | |||
*Visual changes | |||
*Flushing | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
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==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
*Clinical diagnosis | *Clinical diagnosis | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
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==Disposition== | ==Disposition== | ||
*Discharge | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
Revision as of 05:26, 9 August 2015
Background
- Disulfiram (Trade names: Antabuse, Antabus) - causes an acute reaction in the presence of ethanol.
- Works by inhibiting acetaldehyde dehydrogenase → buildup of acetaldehyde → unpleasant effects.
- Designed to assist in alcohol cessation.
Disulfiram-like Reaction
- Certain other medications cause acute ethanol intolerance and similar effects as disulfiram[1]
- Mechanism is thought to be the same (i.e. buildup of acetaldehyde)
- Examples
- Antibiotics (metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, furazolidone)
- Antifungals (Griseofulvin)
- Quinacrine
Clinical Features
- Nausea/vomiting
- Headache
- Visual changes
- Flushing
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnosis
- Clinical diagnosis
Management
- Supportive care
Disposition
- Discharge
See Also
References
- ↑ Karamanakos PN, Pappas P, Boumba VA, et al. Pharmaceutical agents known to produce disulfiram-like reaction: effects on hepatic ethanol metabolism and brain monoamines. Int J Toxicol. 2007 Sep-Oct;26(5):423-32.