Avascular necrosis of hip

Background

Etiologies

• Traumatic causes
  • Femoral neck fracture
  • Dislocation

• Non-traumatic causes
  • Use of corticosteriods
  • Alcohol use
  • Tobacco use
  • Caisson disease aka Dysbarism
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Chronic Renal Disease
  • Pancreatitis
  • Radiation therapy
  • HIV
  • Idiopathic

Evaluation

• Plain XR is poorly sensitive in early stages, as low as 41%
• Radiographic changes may be delayed by years
• MRI ~90% sensitivity and specificity

Disposition

• Initial supportive care until later stages of disease
• Orthopedic consultation for repeat imaging and risk stratification for surgical treatment

References

• Stoica Z et al. Imaging of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: Familiar Methods and Newer Trends. Curr Health Sci J. 2009 Jan-Mar; 35(1): 23–28.
• Kelly JD et al. Femoral head avascular necrosis treatment & management. Aug 16, 2015. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/86568-treatment#showall.