Autism
Background
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors
- Prevalence approximately 1 in 36 children (CDC, 2023)
- Onset in early childhood, typically recognized by age 2-3
Clinical Features
- Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
- Deficits in nonverbal communication
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests
- Irritability and behavioral disturbances may be prominent
Differential Diagnosis
- Social communication disorder
- Intellectual disability
- Language disorders
- Schizophrenia (in adolescents)
Evaluation
- Clinical diagnosis using DSM-5 criteria
- Developmental screening (M-CHAT)
Management
Disposition
- Outpatient management
- Behavioral therapy referral
- Psychiatry referral for medication management