Bacterial gastroenteritis/es: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:38, 1 February 2026

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Véase Gastroenteritis aguda (peds) para pacientes pediátricos

Noninvasive AGE
Species	Onset	Symptoms	Transmission	Preformed Toxin
Viral (norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus)	11-72 hrs	Nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea Mild abdominal cramps, myalgia	Fecal-oral Contaminated food or water	No
Staph	1-6 hrs	Nausea, severe vomiting, diarrhea, Mild abdominal cramping	Previously cooked foods (mayonaise, ham, salads)	Yes
B. cereus	1-6 hrs	Abrupt onset of nausea, vomiting, mild diarrhea	Previously cooked foods (rice, vegetables, dried fruits, meat)	Yes
C. perfringens	8-24 hrs	Nausea, minimal vomiting, watery diarrhea Abd cramps	Previously cooked or reheated meats and poultry	Yes
V. cholerae	11-72 hrs	Explosive rice-water diarrhea Vomiting, abdominal cramps Fever	Fecal-oral Contaminated food or water	No
Giardia	1-4 wks	Flatus, bloating Foul-smelling and fatty stools (steatorrhea)	Fecal-oral Contaminated water	No

Invasive AGE
Species	Onset	Symptoms	Transmission
Salmonella	6-72 hours	Fever, relative bradycardia Abdominal pain Bloody diarrhea Headache Osteomyelitis in sickle cell	Eggs Poultry Water Reptiles
Shigella	1-3 days	Fever Abdominal pain Bloody diarrhea Headache 1-5 years old Seizures in children	Food Fecal-Oral
Yersinia	1-5 days	Appendicitis mimic, RLQ pain Fever Vomiting Kids and Young Adults	Water Milk Pork Wild Animals Fecal-Oral
Campylobacter	1-7 days	Low grade fever Abdominal pain Kids and Young Adults Guillain-Barre	Water Poultry Pets/Animals
C. Diff	1-11 Weeks	Copious FOUL diarrhea	Antibiotic use: PCN, Clinda, Cephalosporins
Entamoeba	1-11 weeks	Appendicitis Mimic Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea	Water Sanitation Travel

Rehydration (PO preferred)
- 30mL(1oz)/kg/hr
- Reduced-osmolarity oral rehydration solution
Antiemetic
- Ondansetron 0.15mg/kg/dose IV/PO
Antibiotics
- Only consider in patients with invasive infection
  - Shigella, campylobacter, E. coli, yersinia, vibrio
  - Bloody stool with mucus and fever
- NOT indicated for E. coli O157:H7
- NOT routinely indicated for salmonella
  - Exceptions: SCD, IBD, <3mo
- Azithromycin (able to tolerate PO)
- OR ciprofloxacin
- OR TMP-SMX
- Ceftriaxone (parenteral)

Most can be discharged
Admit
- Unable to tolerate PO
- Hemodynamic instability
- Significant comorbidities

Authors:

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 ==Antecedentes==
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+*La mayoría de la gastroenteritis aguda (EGA) es viral, no bacteriana
-*Most acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is viral, not bacterial
+*[[Special:MyLanguage/rectal bleeding|Sangre en las heces]] sugiere etiología bacteriana
-*[[Special:MyLanguage/rectal bleeding|Bloody diarrhea]] suggests bacterial etiology
+*NO diagnosticar el vómito aislado como EDAD
-*Do NOT diagnose isolated vomiting as AGE
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+===Características Clínicas y Causas===
-===Clinical Features and Causes===
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">